50 



the first two premolars of the typical series on each side of 

 both jaws, the dental formula being: 



2 2 11 2 2 3 3 



All the teeth are of equal length, and there is no break in the 

 series ; they are subservient in Man not only to alimentation, 

 but to beauty and to speech. 



The human foot is broad, plantigrade, with the sole, not 

 inverted as in Quadrumana, but applied flat to the ground; 

 the leg bears vertically on the foot ; the heel is expanded be- 

 neath ; the toes are short, but with the innermost longer and 

 much larger than the rest, forming a ' hallux' or great toe, 

 which is placed on the same line with, and cannot be opposed 

 to, the other toes ; the pelvis is short, broad, and wide, keep- 

 ing the thighs well apart; and the neck of the femur is long, 

 and forms an open angle with the shaft, increasing the basis 

 of support for the trunk. The whole vertebral column, with 

 its slight alternate curves, and the well-poised, short, but 

 capacious subglobular skull, are in like harmony with the 

 requirements of the erect position. The widely-separated 

 shoulders, with broad scapulse and complete clavicles, give a 

 favourable position to the upper limbs, now liberated from the 

 service of locomotion, with complex joints for rotatory as well 

 as flexile movements, and terminated by a hand of matchless 

 perfection of structure, the fit instrument for executing the 

 behests of a rational intelligence and a free will. Hereby, 

 though naked, Man can clothe himself, and rival all natural 

 vestments in warmth and beauty ; though defenceless, Man 

 can arm himself with every variety of weapon, and become 

 the most terribly destructive of animals. Thus he fulfils his 

 destiny as the master of this earth, and of the lower Creation. 

 Such are the dominating powers with which we, and we 

 alone, are gifted ! I say gifted, for the surpassing organisa- 

 tion was no work of ours. It is He that hath made us ; not 



1 Vid. p. 19, for the type-formula and explanation of its symbols. 



