49 



may ask, lias the alleged humanized Chimpanzee or Orang 

 been brought to endure all climates? The advocates of 

 1 transmutation ' have failed to explain them. Certain it is 

 that those physical differences in cerebral, dental, and osteo- 

 logical structure, which place, in my estimate of them, the 

 genus Homo in a distinct group of the Mammalian class, zoo- 

 logically of higher value than the ' order,' are associated with 

 equally contrasted powers of endurance of different climates, 

 whereby Man has become a denizen of every part of the globe 

 from the torrid to the arctic zones. 



Climate rigidly limits the range of the Quadrumana in 

 latitude : creational and geographical causes limit their range 

 in longitude. Distinct genera represent each other in the same 

 latitudes of the New and Old Worlds ; and also, in a great 

 degree, in Africa and Asia. But the development of an Orang 

 out of a Chimpanzee, or reciprocally, is physiologically incon- 

 ceivable. (Appendix B). 



The sole representative of the ARCHENCEPHALA, is the ge- 

 nus Homo. His structural modifications, more especially of 

 the lower limb, by which the erect stature and bipedal gait 

 are maintained, are such as to claim for Man ordinal distinc- 

 tion on merely external zoological characters. But, as I have 

 already argued, his mental powers, in association with his 

 extraordinarily developed brain, entitle the group which he 

 represents to equivalent rank with the other primary divi- 

 sions of the class Mammalia founded on cerebral characters. 

 In this primary group Man forms but one genus, Homo, and 

 that genus but one order, called BIMANA, on account of the 

 opposable thumb being restricted to the upper pair of limbs. 

 The mammae are pectoral. The placenta is a single, sub- 

 circular, cellulo-vascular, discoid body. 



Man has only a partial covering of hair, which is not 

 merely protective of the head, but is ornamental and distinc- 

 tive of sex. The dentition of the genus Homo is reduced to 

 thirty-two teeth by the suppression of the outer incisor and 



E 



