more naturally defined orders, according to various characters 

 afforded by the dental, osseous, generative and locomotive 

 systems, which his great anatomical knowledge had made 

 known to him. 



That heterogeneous order which Linnaeus prepossessed 

 in favour of the easily recognisable outward character by 

 which he distinguished the class had characterised by the 

 ' Mammce perforates bince : dentes primores incisores : supe- 

 riores iv paratteti 1 ,' was shewn, by the correlation of anatomi- 

 cal distinctions with the threefold modification of the limbs 

 of the Primates, to be divisible into as many distinct orders. 

 The hands on the upper limbs alone, and the lower limbs 

 destined to sustain the trunk erect, characterised the order 

 Bimana, the equivalent of the Linnsean genus Homo. The 

 genus Simla of Linnaeus, with hands on the four extremities, 

 became the order Quadrumana of Cuvier. The genus Ves- 

 pcrtilio with the ' mantis palmatse volitantes ' formed the 

 group Cheiroptera, answerable to the Dermaptera of Aristotle. 



RAY had pointed out certain viviparous quadrupeds with 

 a multifid foot as being " anomalous species," instancing as 

 such " the tamandua, the armadillo, the sloth, the mole, the 

 shrew, the hedgehog, and the bat." The first three species 

 are associated with the scaly ant-eaters (Manis) of Asia and 

 Africa, with the Australian spiny ant-eaters (Echidna), and 

 with the more strange duck-moles (Ornitliorhynclius) of the 

 same part of the world, to form the order Edentata tf Cuvier, 

 which answers to that called Bruta by Linnaeus, if the ele- 

 phant and walrus be removed from it. The rest of Ray's 

 anomalous species exemplify the families Cheiroptera and 

 Insectivora of the Cuvierian system, in which they are asso- 

 ciated with the true Carnivora in an order called ' Carnas- 

 siers,' answering to the Ferce of Linnaeus. 



Cuvier had early noticed the relation of the Austra- 

 lian pouched mammals, as a small collateral series, to the 



1 Tom. cit. p. 24. 



