6 



term proposed by Linnaeus, the term which was suggested 

 by the outward and visible part of that apparatus by which 

 the warm-blooded viviparous animals exclusively nourish 

 their new-born young 1 . 



Linna3us, like Ray, founds his primary divisions of the 

 class MAMMALIA on the locomotive organs ; but his second- 

 ary divisions or orders are taken chiefly from modifications of 

 the dentary system. The following is an abridged scheme of 

 his arrangement 2 : 



Unguiculate 



Front teeth, none in either jaw . . . BRUTA. 

 Front teeth, cutters 2, laniaries o . . . GLIRES. 



Front teeth, cutters 4, laniaries i . . PRIMATES. 



Front teeth, piercers (6, 2, 10), laniaries i FER.E. 



j, j i Front teeth, in both upper and lower jaw. BELLILE. 



i Front teeth, none in the upper jaw . . . PECORA. 



_ Muticate Teeth variable CETE. 



On comparing the three preceding systems, it will be found 

 that the most important errors of arrangement have been com- 

 mitted, not by Aristotle, but by the modern naturalists. Both 

 Ray and Linnaeus have mistaken the character of the horny 

 parts enveloping the toes of the elephant, which do not defend 

 the upper part merely, as is the case with claws, but embrace 

 the under parts also, forming a complete case or hoof. 



With respect to Linnaeus, however, it must be observed, 

 that although he has followed Ray in placing the elephant in 

 the unguiculate group of quadrupeds, he has not overlooked 

 the great natural divisions which the latter naturalist adopted 

 from Aristotle ; and his Ungulata is the more natural in the 

 degree in which it approaches the corresponding group in the 

 Aristotelian system. 



I now proceed to the arrangement of the Mammalia pro- 

 posed by CUVIER in the last edition of his classical work 

 entitled l Le Regne Animal distribue d'apres son organisation.' 



Adopting the same threefold primary division of the class 

 MAMMALIA as his predecessors, CUVIER subdivides it into 



1 Aristotle knew that the Cetacea were mammiferous : 'rd' (5 5vo /j.ei> 



' 5' e^ros, (joatrep 6eX0s.' 



2 From the Systema Naturce, ed. xn. Holmire, Tom. I. p. 24. 



