74 FORMATION OF DEFENSIVE FERMENTS 



rotation, the cane sugar being converted into invert 

 sugar. The latter consists of one molecule of grape 

 sugar and one molecule of fruit sugar; that is, of the 

 units of the disaccharide, cane sugar. Since the 

 fruit sugar turns more to the left than the grape sugar 

 does to the ri^ht a final rotation results to the left. 



o 



Many observations point to the fact that, at the same 

 time, part of the products of the decomposition suffer 

 further disintegration. 



Parenteral introduction of cane sugar does not 

 always succeed in effecting the appearance of invertin 

 in the blood plasma. Obviously, the time during 

 which the disharmonious substance remains in the 

 blood plays an important part in the formation of the 

 defensive ferments. The cane sugar is very quickly 

 excreted through the kidneys. 9 



The following examples will give an idea of the 

 results of these experiments :- 



(i) A dog was given subcutaneous injections of 

 cane sugar (5 gr. at a time) on October 22 and 23. 

 The blood taken on October 24 was used for testing 



9 It has been pointed out in original communications 

 that, in the parenteral introduction of carbohydrates, no such 

 regular results can be obtained as is the case with proteins : 

 for the latter remain longer in the circulation, and are 

 not usually excreted by the kidneys. The organism is, in this 

 case, directly dependent on the composition of the products for 

 its freedom from disharmonious substances. In the case of 

 cane sugar, the kidneys are able of themselves to deal with 

 the disharmonious compound. 



