METHODS OF DEEP-SEA FISHERIES 301 



length having tied to it at distances of six feet other lines 

 smaller in size and about three feet in length, each fitted 

 with a hook at the end. Such an arrangement of lines 

 and hooks is called a trawl. 



The build of the trawler differs little from that of the 

 seiner except that the sails may be stronger, and there 

 may be an extra riding-sail aboard. The complement of 

 crew is about the same; food must be provided in abun- 

 dance especially when the trawler goes to the Grand Bank 

 of Newfoundland for several weeks or months; the ice- 

 houses of the hold are furnished with a supply of frozen 

 herring to be used for bait ; instead of many empty barrels 

 in the hold as in the case of the mackerel seiner there is 

 an abundant supply of salt; on deck are found eight or 

 more dories, one stowed away in the other; and around 

 in different places are tubs made from barrels and casks 

 in which the trawls are neatly coiled. The trawler-fish- 

 erman pursues his calling in winter as in summer, some- 

 times amid the severest hardships of the sea. 



When the vessel reaches the fishing ground the captain 

 awaits a favorable opportunity to set the trawls. This does 

 not mean calm weather or even an approach to it. Often 

 sets are made when the sea is running high, before the 

 full fury of a storm has abated. But the weather con- 

 ditions must be clear, else there is great risk of losing 

 some of the dories and their crews. The frozen herring 

 are taken from the ice-house, cut into pieces and the hooks 

 baited each with a piece. As the trawl is baited it is taken 

 from one tub and coiled into another. With this work 

 done the tubs are placed in the dories, these are hoisted 

 overboard, and two men go with each dory. One seats 

 himself at the oars and pulls steadily away while the other 

 is busied in flinging the trawl over into the sea. The 

 first end of the trawl is made fast to a buoy which is 



