;;r, KKT TO THE BIRDS OF EASTERN VHMII AMERICA. 



FAMILY LARID/E. 



Gulls and Terns. 



SUB-FAMILY LAR1N/E. 

 Gulls. 



Upper mandible, curved ; unguis (end of bill), not swollen ; middle tail 



feathers, about equal in length to the others ; 

 tail, rarely dark, although sometimes tipped 

 with black or brown ; hind toe, small, but 

 always present except in one genus; bill, with- 

 out cere. 



'Group 1. Wing, 9.50 to 11 inches long. 



I nderparls. while; inner web of lirst primary, white, with black spot near the end; the 

 tip, white; shaft of feather, white; adult birds have the bill dark red ; in immature birds 

 it is brownish. /.urnx fruiiklhtii. Franklin's (iull. 



See No. .'U. 



Underparts, white; inner web of first primary, white ; the tip, black; bill, blaek : shaft 

 of feather, white. /..//-HN //////<"/.//<///". Bonaparte's (iull. 



See No. .'!.">. 



riiderparts. white; inner web of tirst primary, about, half white; shaft of feather, 

 dark brown on upper surface. In the adult the bill is blaek. tipped with yellow. 



.\i inn xniihiii. Sabine's (iull. 

 See No. :{s. 



Group 2. Wing, 11 to 13 inches long. 



Shallsol primarie~. black or dark brown ; nnderparts. not pure white (immature). 



/.iiri/x n/rii'illii. Laughing (iull. 



See No. .'{.'{. 



I 'nderparl-. pure white; inner \\eb <>f \]\-<\ primary, white, with black spot near the 

 end, the tip, white; shaft <>| leathers, white. Adult bird- have bill dark red: in immature 

 birds it i- brownish. L.irn.-i fraiikliiiii. Franklin's Gull. 



See No. .'i 1. 



i,. i nn-.i-iiri-iiient, SIT p.v 



