CONTENTS. 



IX 



LAND BIRDS- 



INDEX TO KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS ....... 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS ........ 



GROUP 1. Birds having wings less than 1.75 inches long; measured bend 

 of wing (carpus) to tip of longest feather .... 



GROUP 2. Birds having wings from 1.75 to 2.75 inches long . 



Section 1. First primary, less than half as long as third 

 Part 1. Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 

 notch ........ 



Part 2. Upper mandible without notch or hook at tip 

 Section 2. First primary more than half as long as third 

 Part 1. Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 

 notch ........ 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked 



GROUP 3. Birds having wings measuring from 2.75 to 3.25 inches long . 

 Section 1. First primary, less than half as long as third 

 Part 1. A small but distinct hook or notch at tip of upper 

 mandible ........ 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked 

 Section 2. First primary, not short, always more than half as 

 locg as third ...... 



Part 1 . Tip of upper mandible with small but distinct hook or 

 notch ....... 



Part 2. Tip of upper mandible not notched or hooked 

 GROUP 4. Birds having wings from 3.25 to 9.50 inches long 



Section 1. Bill with strong hook claws armed with talons 

 Section 2. Upper mandible with distinct hook or notch at tip, 



but feet not armed with talons 



Section 3. Upper mandible not notched or hooked at tip 

 Part 1. First primary less than half as long as third 

 Part 2. First primary more than half as long as third 



GROUP 5. 



Birds having wings over 9.50 inches long 



PAGE 



131 

 133 



133 

 133 

 133 



133 

 134 

 135 



135 

 135 

 136 

 136 



136 

 137 



137 



137 

 138 

 139 

 139 



140 

 141 

 141 

 143 

 147 



