CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



TlTLEPAGE ............. i 



DEDICATION ............ Hi 



PREFACE v 



CONTEXTS ............. vii 



GLOSSARY ............. xii 



TOPOGRAPHY OF A BIRD . . . . . . . . . . xiii 



INTRODUCTION ............ 1 



How TO MEASURE A BIRD .......... 8 



INDEX TO KEY TO FAMILIES. WATER BIRDS . . . . . . 10 



GROUP 1. Toes, four, with lobate webs, or webs on sides of toes . . 11 

 GROUP 2. Toes, four; front toes, palmate (full webbed) ; bind toe not con- 

 nected with front ones by web . . . . . . . 12 



GROUP 3. Toes, four, full webbed ; hind toe connected with front ones by 



web ........... 15 



GROUP 4. Toes, four, not full webbed ; small webs between toes at base, or 



toes entirely without web . . . . . . . 17 



Section 1. Hind toe, raised above level of front toes . . . 17 



Section 2. Hind toe, on level with front toes .... 19 



GROUP 5. Toes, three, full webbed ; no hind toe ..... 21 



GROUP 0. Toes, three ; a small web between toes, or entirely without web . 23 



KEY TO THE SPECIES OF WATER BIRDS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA . . 25 



FAMILY PODICIPID.*:. GREBES ......... 25 



FAMILY GAVIID.E. LOONS .......... 27 



FAMILY ALCIDJE. AUKS, PUFFINS, AND MURRES ...... 29 



FAMILY STERCORARIIDJE. SKUAS AND J.EGERS ...... 33 



FAMILY LARID^E. GULLS AND TERNS ........ 35 



SUBFAMILY LARIN^. GULLS ......... 36 



(vii) 



