KEY TO FAMILIES. LAND BIRDS. 



Feet, syndactyle; toes, four, the middle and outer ones joined, being fastened together for 

 more than half their length. 



Family ALCEDINID/E. Kingfishers. 



See page 189. 



First primary, much shorter than second, always less than three fourths as long 

 as third; fourth, or fifth primary, longest; bill, stout and strong; the nostrils, concealed by 

 coarse, hair-like feathers; outer tail feathers, shorter than middle feathers. 



360 



Family CORVID/E. Subfamily GARRULIN/C. Jays. 



See page 20'.). 



First primary, never less than three fourths as long as third; base of bill, extend- 

 ing backward, forming a point, dividing the feathers of the forehead; nostrils, exposed; outer 

 tail feathers shorter than middle feathers. 



Family 1CTERID/E. Blackbirds, Orioles, Meadow Larks. 



See page 213. 



