xii COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 



PAGE 



B. SPECIAL ... . 201 



1. AMPHINEURA . .... 201 



2. GASTROPODA .... . . 201 



3. SCAPHOPODA . . ... 206 



4. LAMELLIBRANCHIA .... 206 



5. CEPHALOPODA . ..... 208 



XVIII. THE BODY CAVITY . .211 



XIX. THE NEPHRIDIA . .... 215 



A. AMPHINEURA . .... 216 



B. GASTROPODA . . . 217 



C. SCAPHOPODA .... 221 



D. LAMELLIBRANCHIA . ..... 221 



E. CEPHALOPODA ... ... 222 



XX. GENITAL ORGANS .... 225 



A. GENERAL ...... . 225 



B. SPECIAL . . . .227 



XXI. PARASITIC GASTROPODA ...... 244 



XXII. ATTACHED GASTROPODA .... . 248 



XXIII. ONTOGENY . . 248 



A. AMPHINEURA ....... 248 



B. GASTROPODA . .... 252 



XXIV. PHYLOGENY ... . . 268 

 Rcviciv of the most Important Literature .... 269 

 APPENDAGE, RHODOPE VERANII . . . . .281 



CHAPTER VIII 



ECHINODERMATA 



Systematic Review . . . . . . .285 



CLASS I. HOLOTHURIOIDEA . ... 285 



II. ECHINOIDEA 288 



III. ASTEROIDEA . .... 295 



IV. OPHIUROIDEA . . . .299 

 V. PELMATOZOA . .... 302 



1. CRINOIDEA . 302 



2. CYSTIDEA . . 313 



3. BLASTOIDEA ... ' . 314 



I. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE ECHINODERM BODY . . 315 



II. MORPHOLOGY OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM . 317 



