146 



COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 



CHAP. VII 



tentacles come from a braehial ganglion, which, however, does not 



supply all the tentacles (Fig. 126, a); 

 this is joined to the pedal ring by a 

 brachiopedal connective. 



The pleuroviseeral cord gives off 

 numerous pallial nerves (there is no 

 stellate ganglion), and two strong vis- 

 ceral nerves which run near the middle 

 line accompanying the vena cava, inner- 

 vate the gills, the osphradia, and the 

 FIG. 120. Nervous system of Nautilus, blood-vessels, and form a genital gan- 



from the right side. Numbering the same g\[ ou hjo-h U p j n the visceral dome. 

 as in Fig. 125. a, Ganglion for the ten- 

 tacles of the posterior and inner lobes in The sympathetic ner vous system consists 

 the female. - . . . , . . . , 



of an infra-cesophageal commissure, which rises 



from the cerebral ganglion, and passes close under the cesophagus in the musculature 

 of the buccal mass ; two ganglia, a pharyngeal and a buccal ganglion, are found on 

 each side in its course. 



2. Dibranehia (Figs. 127, 128). 



The peri-cesophageal mass of ganglia, comprising the Avhole of the 

 central nervous system, is entirely enclosed in the cephalic cartilage. 

 The large typical ganglia are so crowded together that it is extremely 

 difficult to distinguish them one from another, and the connectives 

 and commissures are not visible externally. The whole complex has 

 a continuous cortical layer of ganglion cells. 



The more or less distinct separation of each pedal ganglion into 

 two, one anterior (lower) and one posterior (upper), is characteristic 

 of the Dibranehia. The former of these is the braehial ganglion, and 

 innervates the arms, which must be considered as parts of the foot ; and 

 the latter is the infundibular ganglion, and innervates the siphon, 

 which may be regarded as the epipodium. This differentiation of the 

 pedal ganglia can be traced to the great development of that part of 

 the foot (viz. the arms) which surrounds the head. In the same way 

 in Natica, where the anterior part of the foot is strongly developed, 

 and is bent back over the head, a propedal ganglion becomes 

 differentiated from the pedal ganglion. The braehial ganglia become 

 joined in the Lilmmcliia to the cerebral ganglia by cerebrobrachial 

 connectives. In Eledone and Octopus, they are further connected Avith 

 one another by a thin supraoesophageal commissure. 



The pleural ganglia lie laterally in the perioesophageal mass, while 

 the ganglia of the visceral connectives, i.e. the parietal and visceral 

 ganglia Avhich lie close together, their connectives having shortened as 

 much as is possible, form the posterior (upper) portion of the infra- 

 O3sophageal mass. 



The following are the connectives which are revealed by sections 

 through the peri-oesophageal mass : 



