296 THE MAMMALIA. 



those of semi-apes, a combination which has not 

 shown much capacity for resistance or of adapta- 

 bility to new conditions of life. 



That forms of this kind gave rise to the Apes has 

 been conjectured by different palaeontologists and 

 also by Gaudry. The Apes found in the Miocene 

 of the Old World belong already partly to the still- 

 existing group we dare not say family and have 

 been called ' Anthropomorphse ' (man-like apes) 

 owing to various peculiarities in different genera. 

 If we hold by the present arrangement of the 

 order, and agree to the opinion based upon facts 

 that have never seriously been doubted, and are 

 founded upon substantial reasons in the history of 

 the individual development as well as of anatomy 

 that the apes of to-day form a kindred unity, other 

 considerations will present themselves. It is true 

 that lowest species of South American apes, the 

 clawed apes, have thirty-two teeth like those of the 

 Eastern hemisphere, but the form of these teeth and 

 the structure of the hands and feet point to a 

 decidedly close proximity with the Insectivora. 

 Further, they are allied to the Apes of the New 

 World by the fact that they do not, like the Apes 

 of the Old World, possess two, but show three 

 premolars. And all the other American apes show 



