32 THE BUTTERFLIES OF THE 



etc., or more slender, as in Pieris, or nearly conical, as 

 in some of the Hesperidse. It consists of eight or nine 

 segments, each furnished with a spiracle on each side. 

 The digestive system, which in the larva state was an 

 alimentary canal, consisting of a cylindrical muscular 

 tube extending from one end of the body to the other, 

 enlarging in some places and contracting in others, so 

 as to be naturally divided into oesophagus, stomach, and 

 intestines, now has changed into a more slender, tortuous 

 tube twice the length of the body. The respiratory 

 system is similar to that in the larva state. The ner- 

 vous system consists of seven ganglia, while in the larva 

 there were eleven. The reduction is due to the fusion 

 during the pupa state of those in the anterior part of 

 the body, forming two thoracic ganglia, which distribute 

 nerves to the legs and the muscles of the wings. The 

 ganglia in the head and abdomen give off fibres to the 

 various organs of these parts, each ganglion serving as 

 a brain to the part in which it is located, but at the 

 same time communicating with the other ganglia by 

 nervous filaments. 



HABITS OF BUTTEKFLIES 



Butterflies are day-flyers. They rejoice in the warm 

 sunshine, few being seen on the wing if the weather be 

 cloudy with a cold wind. On the side of a mountain as 

 the sun was setting, throwing different portions into the 

 shadow from the base to the top, the writer has seen the 

 butterflies fly from cluster to cluster of flowers up the 

 acclivity, going just fast enough to keep in the sun- 

 shine. The kinds that are to be found only in the 

 woods will be seen flitting about in a patch of sunshine 



