126 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



8. H. peregrina. Adult $: Above olive-green, the head and neck ash-gray, 



without colored crown-patch, but with a narrow dusky streak through the 

 eye; lower parts white. Adult ?: Similar, but gray of head tinged with 

 greenish, and white of lower parts soiled with yellowish olive, especially on 

 sides. Young: Head and neck olive-green, like othei upper parts; lower 

 parts strongly tinged with olive-yellowish, the lower tail-coverts, however, 

 always pure white. 



9. H. cincinnatiensis. Above olive-green, the forehead yellow, and crown blotched 



with black; rest of head, with whole lower parts, yellow, the side of head 

 marked by a broad loral and suborbital patch of black. 



Helminthophila pinus (Linn.) 



BLUE-WINGED WARBLER. 



Popular synonyms. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler; Blue-winged Swamp Warbler. 

 CertJtia pinus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 187. 



Helminthophagapimts BATED, B. N. Am. 1858, 254; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 180; Review, 

 1864, 174. COUES, Key, 1872, 94; Check List, 1873, No. 62; 2d ed. 1882, No. 98; B. N. W. 

 1874, 49; B. Col. Val. 1878, 214. B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. i, 1874. 195. pi. 11. fig. 1. 

 KIDGW. Nona. N. Am. 1881, N. 79. 



Helminthophila pittws.RiDGW. Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. vii, 1832, 53. 

 Sylvia solitaria WILS. Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 109, pi. 15, fig. 4. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 410. AUD. 



Orn. Biog. i, 1832, 102, pi. 20. 

 EeUnaia solitaria AUD. Synop. 1839, 69; B. Am. ii. 1841, 98, pi. 111. 



HAB. Eastern United States, chiefly south of 40 and west of the Alleghanies; north, 

 irregularly to Massachusetts and Michigan, and west to border of the Great Plains. In 

 winter, eastern Mexico and Guatemala. 



SP. CHAB. Adult i: Forehead, fore part of crown,' cheeks, and entire lower parts (ex- 

 cept crissum), pure gamboge-yellow, most intense on forehead; crissum and lining of 

 wing white, usually more or less tinged with yellow. Occiput, cervix, back, scapulars, and 

 rump, plain olive-green, brightest on the rump, where more tinged with yellow; wings 

 and tail bluish gray, the former crossed by two white bands, formed by tips of middle 

 and greater coverts; two outer tail feathers with most of the inner web white, the third 

 with about the terminal half white. Lores and a narrow postocular streak, deep black. 

 Bill wholly deep black; iris brown; legs and feet dull plumbeous, more or less tinged 

 with yellowish, especially on soles of toes. In autumn, similar, but yellow of forehead 

 more or less obscured by olive-green; maxilla dark plumbeous or brownish black, its 

 edge, with mandible, dull flesh color, or purplish brown, the latter with a blackish stripe 

 along each side. Adult 9; Similar to the s, but colors appreciably duller. 



Total length, 4.65-5.; extent, 7. -7. 50; wing, about 2.40-2.50,; tail. 2. -2. 10; culmen, .50; 

 tarsus, .70. 



In half-cleared fields which have grown up to sprouts, and in rich 

 open woods in the bottom-lands, where the switch-cane forms a con- 

 siderable proportion of the undergrowth, the Blue-winged Yellow 

 Warbler is one of the characteristic birds. The male is a persistent 

 singer during the breeding season, and thus betrays his presence to 

 the collector, who finds this of all species one of the easiest to pro- 

 cure. His song is very rude, however, resembling more that of the 

 Yellow- winged Sparrow than any other bird whose song I have 

 heard. The nest is built on the ground, among upright stalks, rest- 

 ing on a thick foundation of dry leaves. 



