186 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



1. L. flavifrons. Anterior half olive-green above, pale lemon-yellow below; posterior 

 half plumbeous above, white below. First primary rudimentary, concealed. 



2. L. solitarius. Head plumbeous, with white orbital ring and supraloral streak ; 

 lower parts pure white, the sides yellowish olive, and crissum tinged with sul- 

 phur-yellow. 



Vireo flavifrons (Vieill.) 



YELLOW-THKOATED VIEEO. 



Popular synonym. Yellow-throated Greenlet. 



Vireo flavifrons VIE-ILL. Ois. Am. Sept. i. 1807, 85, pi. 54. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 302.-AUD. 



Orn. Biog. ii, 1834 119, pi. 119; Synop. 1839. 160; B. Am. iv. 1842. 141, pi. 238. BAIKD.B. 



N. Am. 1858, 341: Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 252. COUES. Key, 1872. 121; Check List.1873, 



No. 126; 2d ed. 1882. Xo. 176. B. N. W. 1874, 99; B. Col. Val. 1878, 493. 

 Vireosylvia flavifrons BAIIID, Keview, 1866, 346 (s. g. Lanivireo}. 

 Lanivireo liavifnms LAWK. 1868. B. B. E. Hist. N. Am. B. i. 1874, 379, pi. 17, fig. 3. 



KIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 140. 

 Muscicaya sylvicola WILS. Am. Orn. i, 1808, 117, pi. 7, fly. 3. 



HAB. Eastern North America, north to Canada, west to edge of Great Plains; breed- 

 ing nearly throughout its range, and wintering in Florida, Cuba, eastern Mexico, and 

 Central America to Cok>mbi i. 



"Sp. CHAR. (No. 28 890.) Head and neck above and on sides, with interscapular re- 

 gion, bright olive-green. Lower back, rump, tail, and wing-coverts ashy. Wings brown 

 with two white bands across the coverts, the outer edges of inner secondaries, and 

 inner edges of all the quills, with inside of wing white. Outer primaries edged with 

 gray, the inner with olive. Tail-feathers brown, entirely encircled by a narrow edge of 

 white. Under parts to middle of body, a line from nostrils over eye, eyelids, and patch 

 beneath the eye (bordered behind by the olive of neck) bright gamboge-yellow; rest of 

 under parts white, the flanks faintly glossed with ashy. Lores dusky. Bill and legs 

 plumbeous black. 



"No spurious primary evident; second quill longest; first a little shorter than third. 



"Length, 5.SO; wing, 3.00; tail. 2.00; difference of longest and innermost quills, .90; 

 tarsus, .73. 



"Autumnal birds, perhaps more especially the young, are more 

 glossed with olivaceous, which invades the ashy portions, and tinges 

 the white." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



In some respects the Yellow-throated Vireo is the most remark- 

 able of all the species of the family which occur within the United 

 States. It is decidedly the finest songster of all those which reach 

 the Northern States, has the loudest notes of admonition and re- 

 proof, and is the handsomest in plumage. So far as the writer's 

 experience with it is concerned, he has found it only in the woods, 

 and mostly in the luxuriant forests of the bottom-lands, where it 

 may be regarded as the most abundant species of its family. This 

 experience accords with that of Audubon and Wilson ; but the habits 

 of birds vary greatly with locality, and in other portions of the 

 country, notably in New England, it is said to be a very familiar 

 species, delighting in the companionship of man. 



