242 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



ear-coverts tipped with a dusky bar; a dusky patch on each side of throat and in- 

 dication of one on the jugulum; nape faintly rufous, streaked with black. In win- 

 ter: Similar, but more suffused with brownish. Young: Head, nock, jugulum, 

 and upper parts yellowish fulvous, streaked with black ; crown and wings strongly 

 linged with rufous. 



2. C. pictus. Lower parts deep buff. Adult in ale in summer: Head black, with lores, 

 centre of ear-coverts, a maxillary and a supra-auricular stripe, white; throat, nape, 

 and entire lower parts deep buif ; lesser wing-coverts black, with the last row 

 white. In winter: The wing and lower parts similar, but the head without well- 

 defined black, and the white replaced by buff. Adult female: Similar to male in 

 winter plumage, but jugulum streaked with dusky, and lesser wing-coverts 

 grayish. 



B. Base of outer tail-feathers white. 



3. C. ornatus. Two outer tail-feathers white to the extreme base, and third with base 

 white. Adult male: Nape chestnut-rufous; belly black. In mnmner: Top of 

 head, jugulum, and belly deep black, the latter sometimes tinged with rufous; 

 nape uniform deep chestnut-rufous; all markings sharply contrasted. In winter: 

 Top of head streaked with black and fulvous, the rufous of nape and black of lower 

 parts overlaid and nearly concealed by light grayish fulvous tips of feathers. 

 Adult female: Entirely light dull buff, the upper parts broadly, and sometimes 

 the breast narrowly, streaked with dusky. Young : Above blackish, the feathers 

 bordered with dull whitish; wings dull brownish fulvous; throat white, faintly 

 spotted with dusky; rest of lower part pale dull buff, the breast streaked with 

 dusky. 



Calcarius lapponicus (Linn.) 



LAPLAND LONGSPUR. 



Popular synonym. Brown Snowbird. 



Fr ing ilia lapponica LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1766, 317. 



Emberiza lapponica NILSS. NUTT. Man. i, 1&32. 463. AUD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1833, 473, pi. 365. 



Ember iza (PlectropUanes) Japponica Sw. & RICH. F. B. A. ii, 1831, 248, pi. 48. 



Plectrophanes lapponicus SELBY. AUD. Synop. 1839, 98; B. Am. iii, 1841, 50, pi. 152. 

 BAIKD, B. N. Am. 1858,433; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 326. COUES, Key, 1872, 133; Check 

 List, 1873, No. 153; 2d ed. 1882, No. 220; B. N. W. 1874, 120.-B. B. & E. Hist. N. Am. B. 

 i, 1874, 515, pi. 24, fig. 7. 



Centrophanes lapponicus KAUP.1829. RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 187. 



Calcarius lapponicus STEJN. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882,33. 



HAB. Northern North America, breeding in arctic and subarctic districts, in winter 

 migrating very irregularly, south to or beyond 40 (South Carolina, Kentucky, southern 

 Illinois, northern Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, etc.); very rare in Middle Province, and 

 not recorded from Pacific Province. 



"Sp. CHAE. Male. Head all round, and neck, black, extending on the jugulum in a 

 crescentic patch ; a broad line from above and behind the eye, sides of neck, a patch in 

 the black of hind head, and whole under parts, white; the sides of body streaked broadly 

 with black. A broad half-collar of chestnut on back of neck, separated from the hood 

 narrowly, and from the auriculars and throat broadly, by the white stripe from the eye. 

 Above brownish black, the feathers sharply edged with brownish yellow. Outer tail- 

 feathers white, except the basal portion of inner web, and a shaft streak at end; next 

 feather with a white streak in end, rest black. Legs black ; bill yellow, tipped with black. 

 In winter plumage the black and olher markings overlaid by rusty and fulvous; beneath 

 whitish. Female, with the black feathers of head edged with yellowish rusty; the 

 throat white, bordered on the sides and behind by blackish; feathers edgi-d with grayish 

 white, the rufous of nape obscure, and streaked with blackish. Length of male, 6.25; 

 Wing, 3.90; tail, 2.80. 



