376 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



pait, pait, uttered in "a clear, loud, and rather plaintive tone," 

 beard "sometimes to the d- stance of half a mile, and resembling 

 the false hgh note of a clarionet." 



GENUS DRYOBATES BOIE. 



IK (part), LINN. S. N. ed. 10, i. 1758, 112; ed. 12, i, 1766, 173, and of most authors. 

 Dendrocopos KOCH. Syst. Baier Zool. i, 1816, 72. Type, by elimination, Picus major 



LINN. (Nee VIEILL. Analyse, 1816, p. 45.) 

 Dryobates BOIE, Isis, 1826, 977. Type, Picus pubescens LINN. 



"GEN. CHAB. Bill equal to the head, or a little longer; the lateral ridges conspicuous, 

 Btarling about the middle of the base of the bill; the basal elongated oval nostrils nearest 

 the commissure; the ridges of the culmen and gonys acute, and very nearly straight, or 

 slightly convex towards the tip; the bill but little broader than high at the base, becom- 

 ing compressed considerably before the middle. Feet much as in Campephilus; the 

 outer posterior toe longest; the outer anterior about intermediate between it and the 

 inner anterior; the inner posterior reaching to the base of the claw of the inner anterior. 

 Tarsus about equal to the inner anterior toe; shorter than the two other long toes. Wings 

 rather long, reaching to the middle of the tail, rather rounded; the fourth and fifth quills 

 longest; the quills ralher broad and rounded." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



The species found in eastern North America may be distinguished 

 as follows: 



A. Back longitudinally striped with white. 



1. D. villosus. Outer tail-feathers without black bars. Wing. 4.25 or more. 



2. D. pubescens. Outer tail-feathers barred with black. Wing less than 4.25. 



B. Back transversely barred with white. 



8. D. borealis. Auriculurs entirely white; sides spotted with black. Wing, 4.60-4.75. 



Dryobates villosus (Linn.) 



HAIRY WOODPECKER. 



Popular synonyms. Big Sapsucker; Big Guinea-Woodpecker. 



Picus villosus LINN. S. N. ed. 12, i, 1866. 175. WILS. Am. Orn. i. 1808, 150. pi. 9. NUTT. 

 Man. i.1832.575. AUD. Orn. Biog. v, 1839, 164, pi. 416; Synop. 1839,179; B. Am. iv, 1842, 

 244, pi. 262. BAIED, B. N. Am. 1858, 84 (var. medius); Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 74. 

 CODES. Key, 1872, 193; Check List, 1874, No. 298; 2d ed. 1882, No. 438; B. N. W. 1874, 

 279 (a. villosus, b. medius). RIDGW. Nom. N. Am.B. 1881, No. 360. 

 Picus villosus var. 'medius BAIED, B. N. Am. 1858, 84. 

 Picus villosus var. villosus B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 503, pi. 49, figs. 3, 4, 5. 



Picus martincB Axro. Orn. Biog. v. 1839, 81. pi. 417; Synop, 18i>9, 178; B. Am. iv. 1812, 240.pl, 

 260 (= young!). 



Picus rulricapillus NUTT. Man. 2d ed. i, 1840, 685 (= martince). 



HAB. Eastern United States (except Gulf States) and more southern British Pro- 

 vinces. (Replaced in Gulf States by D. villosus auduboni, in northern British America 

 by D. villosus leucomelas. and in western North America by D. villosus harrisi.) 



SP. CHAB. Above black, with a white band down the middle of the back. All the mid- 

 dle and larger wing-coverts and all the quills with conspicuous spots of white. Two white 



