; THE WOODPECKERS. 



"Sp. CHAK. Third quill longest; second a little shorter; first between fourth and 

 fifth, considerably shorter. General color above black, much variegated with white. 

 Feathers of the back and rump brownish white, spotted with black. Crown crimson, 

 bordered by black on the side of the head and nape. A streak from above the eye, and a 

 broad stripe from the bristles of the bill, passing below the eye, and into the yellowish 

 of the bel y, enclosing a black postocular one, and a stripe along the edges of the wing- 

 coverts, white. A triangular broad patch of scarlet on the chin and throat, bordered on 

 each side by black stripes from the lower mandible, which meet behind and extend into 

 a large quadrate spot on the breast. Kest of under parts yellowish white, or yellow, 

 streaked and banded on the sides with black. Inner web of inner tail-feather 

 white, spotted with black. Outer feathers black, edged and spotted with white. Quills 

 spotted with white. Length, 8.25; wing, about 4.75; tail, 3.30. Female with the red of 

 the throat replaced by white. Immature bird without black on the breast, or red on top 

 of the head, as in every intermediate stage to the perfect plumage." (Hist. 2f. Am. B.) 



This bird, the true "Sapsucker," is a winter resident in most 

 portions of Illinois, and though it may perhaps breed sparingly in 

 the extreme northern portion, I can find no record of its doing so. 



GENUS CEOPHL.CEUS CABANIS. 



Hylatomus BAIBD, Birds N. Am. 1858,107. Type Picus pileatus LINN. (Nee Bylotoma 



LATREILLE, 1804. 

 Ceophlosus CABAN, Jour, fur Orn. 1862, 176. Same type. 



"GEN. CHAR. Bill a little longer than the head; considerably depressed, or broader 

 than high at the base; shaped much as in Campephilus, except shorter, and without the 

 bristly feathers directed forwards at the base of the lower jaw. Gonys about half the 

 length of the commissure. Tarsus shorter than any toe, except the inner posterior. 

 Outer posterior toe shorter than the outer anterior, and a little longer than the inner 

 anterior. Inner posterior very short, not half the outer anterior; about half the inner 

 anterior one. Tail long, graduated; the long feathers much incurved at the tip. Wing 

 longer than the tail, reaching to the middle of the exposed surface of tail; considerably 

 graduated, though pointed; the fourth and fifth quills longest. Color uniform black. 

 Head with pointed occipital crest. A stripe from nasal tufts beneath the eye and down 

 side of neck, throat, lining of wing, and basal portion of under surface of quills, white; 

 some species with the abdomen and sides barred black and brownish white; others with 

 a white scapular stripe in addition. Male with whole crown and crest and maxillary 

 patch red; female with only the crest red." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



This genus is similar in general appearance and size to Campeph- 

 ihts, but differs essentially in many respects ; the differences being, 

 however, mostly those which distinguish all other Woodpeckers 

 from the species of Campephilus, which is unique in the peculiar 

 structure of the tail-feathers and in other characters, as detailed 

 under the head of that genus on page 374. 



The single species belonging to North America has numerous rep- 

 resentatives within the tropics. 



