ANALYiSIS OF HIGHER GROUPS. 45 



&. 2 Bill not strongly hooked. 



I. 1 Beatrices rigid, acuminate Pici. 



Z. 2 Beatrices neither rigid nor acu- 

 minate. 

 m. 1 Inner hind toe 5-jointed. 



Coccyges (Trogones>. 

 TO. 1 Inner hind toe 2-jointed. 



Coccyges (Cuculi). 



i. 3 With webs between bases of anterior toes. 

 j, 1 Gape excessively broad and deeply cleft. 



Wings greatly elongated 



lilacrochircs (Gaprimulg i). 

 j." Gape normal. Wings short, concave... 



Galliaas (Penelopes). 



It." Hind toe elevated Gallinse (Phasinni). 



g.- Bill strongly hooked, with a distinct cere at, base. 



h. 1 Toes 2 in front Psittaci (exotic species). 



h." Toes 3 in front, or else outer toe reversible. 

 i. 1 Hind toe incumbent. 



j. 1 Eyes directed forward. Outer toe re- 



versiblo Accipitres (Striges). 



j? Eyes lateral. Outer toe not reversible 



(except Pandion) Accipitres (Falconet?). 



i.- Hind toe short, elevated. . .Accipitres (Sarcorhamphi). 

 f? Lower part of tibia not feathered near joint, or else bill 



lengthened and grooved. 



a. 1 Hind toe, if present, elevated, or else claws ex- 

 tremely lengthened. 

 li. 1 Whole head feathered, or else size small (length 



less than 1 foot) Limicoloe. 



ft. 2 Part of head naked. Size large (more than 3 



feet long) Paludicolae (Grufs). 



g.- Hind toe incumbent, and claws never extremely 

 lengthened. 



ft. 1 Loral and orbital regions fully feathered 



Paludicolae (Ralli). 

 ft. 2 Loral or orbital regions, or both, naked. 



i. 1 Inner edge of middle claw pectinated 



Herodiones (Herodii). 



i. 1 Inner edge of middle claw not pectinated. 

 j. 1 Sides of maxilla without trace of lateral 



groove Herodiones (Cicnn in'\ 



j." Sides of maxilla with distinct lateral 



groove Herodiones ( Il> i<l<'.^. 



e." Anterior toes distinctly webbed. 



/- 1 Legs inserted underneath the equilibrium, the l><><lv 



being horizontal when in standing position Longipennes . 



/. 2 Legs inserted far backward, the body being more or 



less erect when in a standing position Pygopodes (<'<']>i>ln). 



d." Bill with distinctly fringed or toothed tomia. 



e. 1 Legs extremely lengthened: bill bent abruptly downward 



at the middle Odontoglossae. 



e.~ Legs short or but moderately lengthened; bill not bent 



downwards in middle Anseres. 



r." Hind toe connected with the inner one by a web Steganopodes. 



?). 2 Nostrils tubular Tubinares. 



n.- Bectrices entirely absent Pygouodes 



