90 BIEDS OF ILLINOIS. 



C J . Tail much graduated, the lower coverts reaching to tips of lateral 



rectrices Cistothorus). 



d 1 . Bill much shorter than head, stout, the gonys straight 



(Submenus Cistothorus) . 



d 2 . Bill nearly as long as the head, slender, the gonys slightly con- 

 cave (Subgenus Telmatodytes). 



GENUS THRYOTHORUS VIEILLOT. 



Thryothorus VIEILLOT, Analyse, 181(5, 45. Type, Troglodytes arundinaceus VIEILL.,= 



Sylvia ludoviciana LATH. 

 Thryomanes SCL. Cat. Am. B. 1851, 22. Type, Troglodytes bewickii AUD. 



"GEN. CHAK. Bill compressed, rather slender; height about one fourth the length 

 above. Culmen and commissure gently curved throughout; gonys straight; tip very 

 obsoletely notched. Nostrils in the lower edge of anterior extremity of the nasal groove 

 narrowly elliptical, overhung by a stiff scale-like roof of the thickened membrane of 

 the upper part of the nasal groove, the crescentic edge rounded. The septum of nostrils 

 imperforate; the posterior part of the nasal cavity with a short septum projecting into it 

 parallel with the central, not perpendicular as in Microcerculus. Wings and tail about 

 equal, the latter moderately rounded; the first primary more than half the second, about 

 half the longest. Tarsi rather short, scarcely exceeding middle toe. Anterior scutella? 

 distinct, rest of each side of tarsi in a continuous plate. Lateral toes equal." (Hist. N, 

 Am. .B.) 



Our species may be distinguished as follows : 



a 1 . Tail feathers rufous, barred with black. Lower parts more or less ochra- 



ceous. Tail much shorter than wing T. ludovicianus. 



a-. Tail feathers (except middle pair) blackish, with pale gray terminal 

 blotches. Lower parts pale grayish. Tail about equal to wing in length. 



T. bewickii. 



SUBGENUS Thryothorus VIEILLOT. 

 Thryothorus ludovicianus (Lath.) 



CAROLINA WREN. 



Popular synonyms. Great Carolina Wren; Mocking Wren; Large Wood Wren. 



Sylvia ludoviciana LATH. Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 548. 



Troglodytes Ivdoricianus LIGHT. Verz. Doubl. 1823, 35. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 429. AUD. 



Orn. Biog. i, 1831, 399, pi. 78; Synop. 1839, 74; B. Am. ii, 1811, 116, pi. 117. 

 Thryothorus ludovicianus BONAP. Comp. List, 1838. 11. BAIKD, B. N. Am. 1858, 361; Cat. 



N. Am. B. 1859, No. 265; Review, 1864, 123. COUES, Key, 1872. 86; Check List, 1873, No. 



47; 2d ed. 1882, No. 68; B. N. W. 1874, 29; B. Col. Val. 1878, 168. B. B. & R. Hist. N. Am. 



B. i. 1874, 142, pi. 9, fig. 1. RIDGW. Norn. Am. B. 1881, No. 60. 

 Notacilla caroliniana BAETE. Certhia caroliniana WILS. Am. Orn. ii, 1810, 61, pi. 12, fig. 5. 



HAB. Eastern United States, chiefly south of 40; resident throughout. 



"Sp. CHAR. Exposed portion of the bill shorter than the head. Above reddish brown, 

 most vivid on the rump. A whitish streak over the eye, bordered above with dark brown. 

 Throat whitish: rest of under parts pale yellow-rusty, darkest towards the under tail- 

 coverts, which are conspicuously barred with black. Exposed surface of the wings and 

 tail (including the upper coverts) barred throughout with brown, the outer edges of tail 

 feathers and quills showing series of alternating whitish and dusky spots. Legs flesh- 

 colored. Length, C inches; wing, 2.60; tail, 2.45." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



