224 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



Pinicola emicleator (Linn.) 



PINE GROSBEAK. 



Loxia enucleator "LnxTX. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 171. WILS. Am. Orn. i, 1808, 80, pi. 5, fig. 2. 

 Corythus enucleator CUVIER. AUD. Synop. 1839, 127; B. Am. iii, 1841, 179, pi. 199. 

 Pyrrhula enucleator BONAP. 1828. NUTT. Man. i, 1832, 535. AUD. Orn. Biog. iv, 1838, 



414. pi. 358. 



Pyrrhula (Corythus} enucleator Sw. & EICH. F. B. A. ii, 1831, 262, pi. 53. 

 Pinicola enucleator CAB. 1851. GOUES, Key, 1872, 127; Check List, 1873, No, 137; 2d ed. 



1882, No. 190; B. N. W. 1874, 104.-B. B. & E. Hist. N. Am. B. i, 1874, 453, pi. 21, figs. 1, 2. 



RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 16G. 

 Pinicola canadensis ("BEEHM") CABAN. Mus. Hein. i, 1851, 167 (ex. Corythus canadensis 



BKEHM). BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 410; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 304. 



HAB. Northern coniferous forests of Northern Hemisphere ; in North America, breed- 

 ing far south (to at least 38) in higher western mountains, and in winter migrating south 

 to or beyond 40, in Eastern Province. 



"Sp. CHAK. Bill and legs black. Male. General color light carmine-red or rose, not 

 continuous above, however, except on the head; the feathers showing brownish centres 

 on the back, where, too, the red is darker. Loral region, base of lower jaw all round, sides 

 (under the wing), abdomen, and posterior part of the body, with under tail-coverts, ashy, 

 whitest behind. Wing with two white bands across the tips of the greater and middle 

 coverts ; the outer edges of the quills also white, broadest on the tertiaries, on secondaries 

 tinged with red. Female ashy, brownish above, tinged with greenish yellow beneath; 

 top of head, rump, and upper tail-coverts brownish gamboge-yellow. Wings much as in 

 the male. Length about 8.50; wing, 4.50; tail, 4.00. Young like female, but more ashy." 

 (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



The Pine Grosbeak much the largest of the North American 

 Fringillidae is an irregular winter visitant to the more northern 

 portions of the State. Mr. Thos. H. Douglas, of Waukegan, writes 

 me, under date of January 2, 1884, that, having been informed of a 

 flock of "strange birds," which had been seen eating high-bush 

 cranberries, he, the next day saw from his room a small flock 

 flying by, which proved to be this species. He adds : "They are 

 more shy than the Evening Grosbeak, as a shot will generally scare 

 them out of sight." 



GENUS CARPODACUS KAUP. 







Carpodacus KAUP, Entw. Europ. Thierw. 1829, 161. Type, Loxia erythrina PALL. 



"CHAR. Bill short, stout, vaulted; the culmen decurved towards the end; the com- 

 missure nearly straight to the slightly decurved end. A slight development of bristly 

 feathers along the sides of the bill, concealing the nostrils. Tarsus shorter than the 

 middle toe; lateral claws reaching to the base of the middle one. Claw of hind toe much 

 curved, smaller than the middle one, and rather less than the digital portion. Wings 

 long and pointed, reaching to the middle of the tail, which is considerably shorter than 

 the wing, and moderately forked. Colors red, or red and brown. Female. With the red 

 replaced by brown." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



