PICUXE THE WOODPECKERS. 875 



Campephilus principalis GEAT, 1840. BAIRD, B. N. Am. 1858, 83; Cat. N. Am. B. 1859, No. 

 72. COUES, Key, 1872, 192; Check List, 1874, No. 293; 2d ed. 1882, No. 431. -B. B. &E. 

 Hist, N. Am. B. ii, 1874, 496, pi. 49, figs. 1, 2. RIDGW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 359. 



HAB. South Atlantic and Gulf States and lower Mississippi Valley, north to North 

 Carolina, southern Illinois, and southeastern Missouri, west to eastern Texas. (Accord- 

 ing to AUDUBON, formerly occurred accidentally as far north as Maryland, and regularly 

 in Kentiicky, southern Indiana and up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Missouri.) 



"Sr. CHAR. Fourth and fifth quills equal; third a little shorter. Bill horn- white. 

 Body entirely of a glossy blue-black (glossed with green below); a white stripe begin- 

 ning half an inch posterior to the commissure, and passing down the sides of the neck, 

 and extending down each side of the back. Under wing-coverts, and the entire exposed 

 portion of the secondary quills, with ends of the inner primaries, bristles, and a short 

 stripe at the base of the bill, white. Crest scarlet, upper surface black. Length, 21.00; 

 wing, 10.00. Female similar, without any red on the head, and with two spots of white 

 on the end of the outer tail-feather. 



"In the male the entire crown (with its elongated feathers) is 

 black. The scarlet commences just above the middle of the eye, 

 and, passing backwards a short distance, widens behind and bends 

 down as far as the level of the under edge of the lower jaw. The 

 feathers which spring from the back of the head are much elongated 

 above ; considerably longer than those of the crown. In the speci- 

 mens before us the black feathers of the crest do not reach as far 

 back as the scarlet." (Hist. N. Am. B.) 



There are no recent records of the occurrence of the Ivory-billed 

 Woodpecker in Illinois. There can be little doubt, however, that it 

 is still to be found in the heavily timbered counties of the extreme 

 southern portion of the State. Audubon states that in descending 

 the Ohio river he met with it near the confluence of that stream 

 with the Mississippi, and that he observed it along the latter as 

 far up as the mouth of the Missouri. The writer has a distinct 

 recollection of what he believes to have been this species in White 

 county, some forty miles south of Mount Carrnel, but never ob- 

 served it in the vicinity of the latter place. 



The flight of this magnificent Woodpecker is said to be totally 

 different from that of the Pileated, and on this account, when on 

 the wing it may readily be distinguished from that species. Its 

 manner of flight is similar to that of the Hairy Woodpecker, or by 

 deep undulations, while that of the Pileated is an unsteady some- 

 what laborious flapping in a straight horizontal line. "The transit 

 from tree to tree," as Audubon observes, "is performed by a single 

 sweep, as if the bird had been swung in a curved line from one to 

 the other." Its notes are also very different, sounding like pait, 



