46 BIRDS OF ILLINOIS. 



in winter: Above nearly uniform grayish brown, tinged with clay-color ; jugulum 

 and sides deeply suffused with clay-color or dirty buff, the former very indistinctly 

 streaked. Yonng: Above, light buffy brown, streaked with dusky, the feathers of 

 the back and the scapulars blackish, conspicuously bordered terminally with dull 

 white; wing-coverts dark grayish, also bordered terminally with white or light 

 buff. Jugulum suffused with buff and indistinctly streaked. Wing, about 4.75- 

 5.00; culmen, about .90; tarsus, .90; middle toe, .70. Hab. Western America, from 

 the arctic regions to Patagonia; straggler in eastern North America. 



4. A. maculata. Middle tail-feathers wedge-shaped at the end and projecting a 

 quarter of an inch or more beyond the rest. Upper tail-coverts dusky, like the 

 rump, the outer feathers whitish, marked with dusky. Jugulum and breast light 

 clay-color, streaked with dusky. Adult: Above, without white markings. Young: 

 Scapulars bordered terminally with white. Wing, about 5.00; culmen, 1.10; tarsus 

 1.00-1.10; middle toe, .90. Hab. America in general, breeding in the arctic 

 regions. 



5. A. acuminata. Similar to A. maculata, but with the middle tail-feathers still nar- 

 rower and more pointed, the bill smaller, the jugulum and breast scarcely 

 streaked; lower tail-coverts marked with shaft-streaks of dusky (entirely absent 

 in maculata') ; pileum deep rusty, in strong contrast. Adult in winter: Upper 

 parts brownish gray, the feathers marked centrally with blackish; jugulum and 



breast pale grayish buff, very sparsely streaked; pileum cinnamon-brown 

 streaked with blackish. Young: Above, rusty fulvous, the feathers of the back 

 and the scapulars black centrally, the larger feathers edged terminally with white; 

 pileum bright rusty rufous, in very sharp contrast with a whitish superciliary 

 stripe, and streaked with black ; throat immaculate white; jugulum and breast 

 deep rusty ochraceous, the former narrowly streaked anteriorly. Wing, about 

 5.00; culmen scarcely 1.00; tarsus, 1.20; middle toe, .85. Hob. Australia, etc.; 

 abundant in autumn on coast of Alaska. 

 C. Size very small (wing less than 4.00). 



6. A. minutilla. Middle tail-feathers slightly projecting, narrow and somewhat 

 pointed at end in summer, broader and rounder in winter plumage. Upper tail- 

 coverts blackish, the lateral ones white, marked with dusky. Adult in summer: 

 Back and scapulars black, the feathers bordered and irregularly barred with 

 rusty ochraceous; tertials bordered with the same. Jugulum dull white, streaked 

 with dusky. Adult in winter: Above uniform brownish gray, the feathers with 

 indistinct dusky mesial streaks, most distinct on the back. Jugulum pale grayish 

 indistinctly streaked. Young: Similar to the adult in summer, but the scapulars 

 and exterior feathers of the back bordered terminally on outer webs with white 

 and lacking the concealed ochraceous bars. Jugulum very indistinctly streaked 

 as in the winter plumage. Hob. North America, migrating into South America 

 in winter. 



Tringa maculata Vieill. 



PECTORAL SANDPIPER. 



Popular synonyms. Jack Snipe; Grass Snipe; Marsh Plover; Meadow Snipe; Creaker. 



Tringa maculata VIELL. Nouv. Diet, xxxiv, 1819, 465. CASS. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 



720. BAIED, Cat. N. Am. B. 1850, No. 531. COUES, Key, 1872, 255; Check List, 1874, No. 



420; B. N. W. 1874, 486. A. O. U. Check List, 1886, No. 239. RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 



1887, 156. 

 Actodromas maculata COUES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1861, 179, 230; Check List. 



2d ed. 1882, No. 616.-Erx>GW. Norn. N. Am. B. 1881, No. 534 B. B. & R. Water B. "N. 



Am. i, 1884, 232. 

 Tringa pectoralis SAY, Long's Exp. i, 1823, 171. NUTT. Man. ii, 1834, 111. AUD. Orn. 



Biog. iii, 1835, 601; v, 1839, 582, pi, 294; Synop. 1839, 232; B. Am. v, 1842, 259, pi. 329. 



