LARTDJE THE GULLS AND TERNS. 235 



Larus (Chroicocephalus) franklinii BRUCH, J. f. 0. 1855,289. COUES, B. N. W. 1874.653. 

 Chroicocephalus iranklinii LAWR. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858,851. BAIRD, Cat. N. Am. B. 



1859. No. C68. COUES. 2d Check List. 1882. No. 787. 

 Larus pip ix can WAOL. Isis, 1841,515. 

 Larus cucullatus LIGHT. Nomencl. 1851,98 no description). (Mexico.) 



Larus (Chroicocephalus) cucullatus BRUCH. J. f. O. 1S55, 290. LAWS, in Baird's B. N 



Am. 1858, 851. BAIP.D. Cat. N. A m. B. 1859. No. 669. 



Larus cinereo-caud<itus PHIL & LANDB. Wiegtn. A.rchiv. 1851. 293 (Chili). 

 ? Larus (Chroicocephalus) kittlitzii BRUCH. J. f. O. 1853.104. 



Chroicocephalus schimperi BRUCH. 1. c. (not of SCHLEG., 1863,^ which=i. saunders i 

 SWINHOE). 



HAB. The interior of North America, chiefly the Mi-sissippi Valley and northward, 

 breeding from Dakota, Minnesota, etc., northward; Central and South America, during mi- 

 grations, as far as Chili; part of the West Indies. 



SP. CHAR. Adult, in summer: Head and upper part of the neck plumbeous-black 

 (more plumbeous anteriorly); an elongated white spot on each eyelid; lower part of the 

 neck (all round), entire lower parts, lower part of the rump, and upper tail coverts snow- 

 whitf, the neck and lower parts with a deep tinge of delicate rose-pink in fresh specimens. 

 Mantle deep bluish plumbeous, a little lighter than in L. atricilla, the secondaries and ter- 

 tials broadly tipped with white. Tail white, the four to six central feathers tinged wi ( h pale 

 grayish blue, deepest on the intermedise. Primaries bluish gray, the shafts white, the five 

 outer quills marked with a subterminal space of black, varying in extent from nearly 2.00 

 inches on the second quill to about .50 on the fifth, each quill broadly tipped with white, 

 this occupying on the first about 1.50 inches of the terminal portion, on the rest less than 

 .50 of an inch, the bluish gray of the basal portion of the quills becoming nearly or quite 

 white adjoining the black, and the shaft of the black portion also black; remaining quills light 

 grayish blue, broadly, but not abruptly, tipped with white, the sixth sometimes marked 

 with a subterminal black spot or bar. Bill deep red, with a more or less distinct darker 

 subterminal band; eyelids red; feet deep red. Adult, in winter: Similar, but head and 

 neck white, the occiput, with orbital and auricular region-, grayish dusky. Bill and feet 

 brownish, the former tipped with orange-reddish. Young, first plumage: Top and sides 

 of the head (except forehead and lores), back, and scapulars grayish brown, th longer 

 scapulars bordered terminally with pale grayish huff; wing-coverts bluish gray, tinged 

 with grayish brown; secondaries dusky, edged with pale giayi?h blue, and broadly tipped 

 with white; primaries dusky, the innermost ones more pmmbeous, all rather broadly tipped 

 with while. Central portion of the rump uniform lisht bluish gray; lateral and posterior 

 portions of the rump, upper tail-coverts, entire lower parts, forehead, lores, and eyelids 

 white. Bill brownish, dusky terminally ; feet brown (in skin). 



Total length, about 14.00 inches; extent. 35.00: wing, 11.25; culmen, 1.30; depth of bill 

 through nostrils, .35; tarsus, 1.60; middle toe, with claw, 1.60. 



Larus Philadelphia (Ord). 



BONAPARTE'S GULL. 



Sterna Philadelphia ORD, Guthrie's Geog. 2d Am. ed. ii, 1815, 319. 



Chroicocephalus Philadelphia LAWR. in Baird's B. N. Am. 1858, 852. BAIRD, Cat. N. Am. 



B. 1859, No. 670, NEWTON, P. Z. S. 1871, 27. pi. 4, fig. 6 (egg). COUES. Proc. Acad. Nat. 



Sci..Phila. 1802, 310; 2d Check List, 1882, No. 788. RIDGW. Orn. 40 h Par. 1-77, 639. 

 Larus Philadelphia GHAT, List Brit. B. 1803, 235 (Great Britain). COUES, Key, 1S72, 316; 



Check List, 1873, No. 556. B. B. & R. Water B. N. Am. ii. 1884, 260. A. O. U. Check 



List, 1886, No. 60. RIDGW. Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 36. 



