ANATID.E THE SWANS, GEESE, AND DUCKS, 151 



that from Australia there is a very close resemblance in the color- 

 ation of the wing to certain species of Qi.t<'>'<]n<'<lnf</ (e. g. 

 and cyanoptera)', while in the Australian species (S. 

 this curious analogy is carried still farther, the coloration of 

 the head, including the white crescentic bar across the lores, 

 being almost exactly as in Q. discos. 



Spatula clypeata (Linn.) 



SHOVELLER. 



Popular synonyms. Spoon-bill; Shovel-bill; Broady; Butter Duck; Cow-frog (North 

 Carolina); Mud-shoveller (Florida). 



Anas clypeata LINN. S. N. ed. 10, i, 1758, 124; ed. 12. i, 1766, 200. WILS. Am. Orn. viii, 1814, 65, 



pi. 67, fig, 7. Sw. & RICH. F. B.-A. ii, 1831, 439. NUTT. Man. ii, 1834, 375. AUD. Orn. 



Biog. iv, 1838. 241, pi. 327; Synop. 1839, 283; B. Am. vi, 1843, 293. pi. 394. 

 Spatula clypeata BOIE, Isis, 1822, 564. BAIBD, B. N. Am. 1858,781; Cat. N. Am. B. 1X5<>, 



No. 583. COUES, Key, 1872, 288; Check List, 1873, No. 498; 2d ed. 1881, No. 718; B.N. W. 



1874, 570. HENSH. Zool. Wheeler's Exp. 1875, 478. RIDGW. Orn. 40th Par. 1877, 624 ; Nom . 



N. Am. B. 1881, No. 608; Man. N. Am. B. 1887, 97.-B. B. R. Water B. N. Am. i, 1884, 



526. A. O. U. Check List, 1886, No. 142. 

 Anas rubens GMEL. S. N. i, ii, 1788, 419. 

 ? Anas mexicana LATH. Ind. Orn. ii, 1790, 857. 

 Clypeata macrorhynchos, platyrhynchos, pomarina, brachyrhynchos, BEEHM, V<">g. 



Deutschl. 876,877,878,879. 



HAS. The whole of the Northern Hemisphere; in North America, breeding from Texas 

 to Alaska; wintering as far south as Guatemala, Cuba, and Jamaica; Australia. 



SP. CHAE. Adult male, in winter: Head and neck dark metallic bluish green, much 

 duller than in Anas boschas; chest and outer scapulars white, the former sometimes 

 spotted with dusky ; entire abdomen and sides uniform chestnut; crissum dark metallic 

 bluish green, bounded anteriorly by a band of finely waved grayish white. Back and inner 

 scapulars dusky, the feathers sometime? bordered with white ; longer lanceolate scapulars 

 marked with a mesial lanceolate stripe of white; wing-coverts light grayish blue, the last 

 row tipped with white, forming a narrow band across the wing; speculum bright metallic 

 green, very narrowly tipped with white; tertials dusky black, with faint green reflections, 

 and marked toward the end with an indistinct mesial stripe of grayish white; primaries 

 and their coverts dull slate-gray; rump and upper tail-coverts black, the former with faint, 

 the latter with bright, green reflections ; rectrices chiefly grayish white, the middle ones 

 dark gray, edged with white. Bill desp black; iris bright yellow; legs and feet beautiful 

 orange-red. A dult female: Wings as in the male, but colors rather duller. Other parts 

 grayish brown above, varied with brownish white ; brownish white below, the head and 

 neck streaked, the breast, abdomen, etc., spotted with grayish brown. Bill brown, man- 

 dible orange; iris yellow and .feet orange-red, as in the male. Young male: Similar to 

 the adult female, but lower parts (always?) tinged with chestnut. Young female: Similar 

 to the adult, but wing-coverts dull slate, with little, if any. blue tinge, the speculum dusky, 

 with a very faint green reflection, and rather broadly tipped with brownish white. Downy 

 young: Above, grayish brown, with a brownish white spot on each side of the back, and 

 a corresponding pair on the rump; pilesm darker than the back and nape; head (except 

 pileum) and entire lower parts pale grayish fulvous, or dirty grayish buffy white, shaded 

 with brownish gray across the chest; a narrow stripe of dark brown from the upper angle 

 of the base of the bill to the eye, and continued posteriorly about half way to the occiput; 



