42 CHECK LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



154. Pyranga rubra (L.) V. B 220. c 107. R iei. 



Scarlet Tanager. 



155. Pyranga sestiva (L.) V. B 221. c ios. R 104. 



Summer Tanager. 



156. Pyranga sestiva cooperi (Ridg.) Coues. B . c io8a. R I64a. 



Cooper's Tanager. 



157. Pyranga hepatica Sw. B 222. c 109. RIGS. 



Hepatic Tanager. 



158. Pyranga ludoviciana (Wils.) Bp. B 223. c no. R 163. 



Louisiana Tanager. 



159. Hirundo erythrogastra horreorum (Bartr.) Coues. B225. c in. R 154. 



Barn Swallow. 



160. Iridoprocne bicolor (V.) Coues. B 227. c 112. R 155. 



White-bellied Swallow. 



161. Tachycineta thalassina (Sw.) Cab. B 228. c 113. R 156. 



Violet-green Swallow. 



154. Py-ran'-ga rub'-ra. The word Pyranga has a classic twang, as if formed in part from the 



Gr. irvp, fire ; but it is a barbarous word, taken from some South American dialect. 

 Several similar combinations of letters occur in Marcgrave. Vieillot wrote it Piranqa 

 in 1807, and Pyranga in 1816. The latter has come into general use. The English 

 tanayer is simply altered from the South American tanagra or tanyara, both of which 

 words occur in the older authors, the latter being in general use until Linnaeus, perhaps 

 by a misprint, gave the former currency. 



155. P. aes-ti'-va. See Dendrceca, No. 111. 



156. P. a. coop'-6r-i. To Dr. J. G. Cooper, of California. 



157. P. he-pat'-I-ca. Gr. rfirap, genitive ^iraros, the liver, or Lat. hepar, hej>atis, the same; 



whence ^7roTidj or hepaticus, the direct adjective. The allusion is to the liver-colored 

 plumage. 



158. P. lu-do-vi-cl-a'-na. See Thryotharus, No. 68. 



159. Hlr-un'-do gr-y-thro-gas'-tra h5r-re"-6'-rum. Lat. hirundo, a swallow, from the Gr. 



XeAiSaSj/, of same meaning. Gr. tpv6p6s, red or ruddy, and yaa-r-np, the belly. Lat. 

 ftorrenm, a barn, in the genitive plural. (On the etymology of hirundo, and various 

 other, including the English, names of swallows, see Birds Col. Vail., i, 1878, p. 369.) 



160. Ir-I-do-proc'-ne bl'-c61-8r. Gr.'lpu, genitive "ipjSos, Lat. 7m, Iridls, Iris, the messenger 



of the gods ; also the rainbow ; from efyw or tyu, to announce. The allusion is to 

 the sheen of the plumage. Gr. Up6Kvr), or Lat. Procne or Proyne, a proper name, the 

 daughter of Pandion, fabled to have been transformed into a swallow. Lat. bicolor, 

 two-colored. 



161. Tach-y-cln-e'-ta thal-as'-sl-na. Gr. raxvcivriros, moving rapidly, i.e., a swift runner; 



TOX^S, swift (Beta, to run); Kivnr^p, from Ktvew, to move. Gr. OaXoura-ivos, sea-green, 

 ed\affffa, the sea, from &\s, the sea, or salt. Observe accentuation of thalassina. We keep 

 the penult of Tachycine'ta long as being Gr. i\, but are not sure that it should not be 

 transliterated Tachycin'lta. 



