EEMAEKS ON THE USE OF NAMES. 17 



in the frequently recurring word americana, all three a's have the same quality, but 

 differ in quantity ; the first and the last a being short and the middle a long, simply 

 because there is where the accent, or stress of voice, comes to prolong the sound. 

 If the accent in this case were on the antepenult, all three a's would have exactly 

 the same quantity and quality. 



Long a as in psalm. 



Short as in diadem. 



E. Long e has the sound of French e in fete, or English e in they, or English a in 

 fate. Short e is like English e in them, not quite so short as in met / something 

 between male and met. Example of long e : exilipes, pronounced ache-seal-i-pace. 



Long e as in they. 



Short e as in them. 



I. Long i is invariably like the English i in machine, police, oblique, pique ; that is, 

 the English ee in feet, ea in feat, &c. ; but never the English i ofjight, night. Short i 

 is the same sound, but as brief and abrupt as possible, like English i in possible, 

 ability, imitate. Short and long i are both heard in intrigue. 



Long 1 as in machine, pique. 



Short i as in ability, imitate. 



O. This letter, long or short, has always its pure English sound, there being 

 no qualities of Latin o to correspond to such anomalies as the English o in move f 

 more, come, &c. 



Long o as in old, no. 



Short o as in odd, not. 



U. It is not easy to correctly appreciate the powers of this vowel in Latin, 

 Long M never has the sound of English u, eu, or ew, as in fury , feud, few ; but is- 

 alwa3"s broad as well as long, like o in move, oo in moon, fool. Short u is not the 

 English u in tub or English o in love, but quite like the English u in butt, full Take- 

 for example the common word rufus, where the first u is long, the second short. 

 This word is neither roof-uss, nor rewf-uss, nor rewf-ooce ; but if the consonants per- 

 mitted, it would rhyme exactly with rue-ful. If I am asked " How many cats?" I 

 may reply " I say ruefully there are a roof-full," and in so saying twice speak both- 

 the long and the short Latin u. 



Long u as o in move, oo in moon, ue in rue. 



Short u as in butt, full, pull. 



Y. This letter, as a vowel, has practically the sound of i, long or short ; more- 

 exactly, that of the German it (ue), as in Mutter, which is nearer Miller than Mutter.. 

 It is scarcely a Latin letter, and chiefly occurs in words from the Greek, correspond- 

 ing to Greek upsilon ; as hyperboreus, uropyyialis. 



It is to be remarked, that any vowel is or may be modified in quality as welli 

 as in quantit}' by its consonantal combination, this being especially the case when 

 followed by the letter r. It is as if the r were rolling away, and dragging the- 

 vowel after. Compare fuscus with turtur ; the first with the last syllable of turdus r 



