60 CHECK LIST OF NOETH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



298. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata Bp. B 389. c 202. R 243. 



Texas Cardinal Grosbeak. 



299. Cardinalis virginiana Bp. B 390. c 203. R 242. 



Cardinal Grosbeak j Virginia Redbird. 



300. Cardinalis virginiana ignea (Bd.) Coues. B . c 203a. R 242. 



Fiery-red Cardinal Grosbeak. 



301. Pipilo erythrophthalmus (L.) V. B 391. c 204. R 237. 



Towhee Bunting; Chewink. 



302. Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni Coues. B . c 204. R izia. 



White-eyed Towhee Bunting. 



303. Pipilo maculatus oregonus (Bell) Cones. B 392. c 205. R 23S&. 



Oregon Towhee Bunting. 



304. Pipilo maculatus arcticus (Sw.) Coues. B sos. c 205a. R 238. 



Arctic Towhee Bunting. 



305. Pipilo maculatus megalonyx (Bd.) Coues. B 394. c 2056. R 238a. 



Spurred Towhee Bunting. 



298. Pyr-rhu-lox'-I-a sin-u-a'-ta. A forcible combination of Pyrrhula and Lor/a : see these 



words, Nos. 190 and 199 ; or may be said to be more properly compounded of pyrrhus, 

 wppos, fiery-red, and Ao/as; in which event, it should be written pyrrholoxia. Lat. sinua- 

 tus, bent, bowed, curved, as the bill of the bird is ; from sinuo, the verb ; sinus, the noun, 

 a curve, bending, bay. 



299. Car-dm-a'-lls vir-gln-I-a'-na. Lat. cardinalis, pertaining to a door-hinge : cardo, genitive 



cardinis, a door-hinge ; hence, that upon which something turns or depends ; as, cardinal 

 points of the compass; hence, any important thing or person; applied with obvious sig- 

 nification to the chief officials of the Pope. These ecclesiastical dignitaries wear red ; 

 hence the phrase " cardinal-red." The term is applied to the bird as descriptive of its 

 rich red color. As a Latin word, cardinalis is only an adjective; used substantively, its 

 gender is either masculine or feminine. We take the latter, because most words ending in 

 is- are feminine. Lat. virginiana, of Virginia, euphemistically named for Elizabeth, 

 daughter of Henry VIII. 



300. C. v. Ig'-ne-a. Lat. igneus, fiery, flaming; said of color as well as of other properties ; 



ignis, fire. 



301. Pi'-pil-6 g-ryth-roph-thal'-mus. Vieillot, in forming the word, wrote both pipilo and 



pipillo. It is a Latin verb, meaning, like pipio, I pip, peep, chirp. Notice the accentua- 

 tion and quantity of the vowels. Gr. epvBpos, red or reddisli ; epfv8ai, I redden ; o(p6a\- 

 (j.6s, the eye, from 0-n-To/j.ai, a verb obsolete in the present, or opdw, I see ; we find both 

 words in " ophthalmic," " optic." The species is red-eyed. The curious English words 

 " towhee " and " chewink " are onomatopoeic : that is, coined to imitate the sound of 

 the bird's voice. 



302. P. e. al'-len-I. To Joel Asaph Allen, of Cambridge, Mass., one of the leading naturalists 



of the United States. 



303. P. ma-cul-a'-tus 6r-6-go'-nus. Lat. maculatus, spotted ; macula, a spot. To the Oregon 



River. Quantity of the penult in question, perhaps better ore'gonus. 

 The stock species, P. maculatus, is not North American. 



304. P. m. arc'-tl-ca. See Sialia, No. 29. 



305. P. m. mg-gal'-6-n~x. Gr. fj.tyd\r] (feminine of neyas), large, great, and ovv, Lat. onyx, a 



nail, claw, talon. The word is commonly accented on a long penult; a practice perhaps 

 defensible on the ground that megald-dnyx = megalonyx. 



