The Mental Life of the Monkeys 235 



their cages or down to the floor of the room, where they evi- 

 dently enjoyed being held by me, they still did not climb 

 upon me. The idea of clinging to me was either absent or 

 impotent to cause them to act. What they did do was, in 

 the case of No. i, to jump about, pawing around in the 

 air, until I caught an arm or leg, to which stimulus he had 

 by dint of the typical sort of animal association learned to 

 react by jumping to my arm and clinging there; in the case 

 of No. 3, to stand still until I held my arm right in front of 

 him (if he were in his cage) or to come and stand on his 

 hind legs in front of me (if he were out on the floor). In 

 both cases No. 3*5 act was one which had been learned by 

 my rewarding his impulses. I often tried, at this period of 

 their intimacy with me, this instructive experiment. The 

 monkey would be clinging to me so that I could hardly 

 tear him away. I would do so, and he would, if dropped 

 loose from me, make no efforts to get back. 



I have already mentioned my failure to get the animals to 

 put out their right hands through the netting after they had 

 long done so with their left hands. With No. 3 I tried put- 

 ting my fingers through and poking the arm out and then 

 making the movement with it. He profited little if any by 

 this tuition. Had I somehow induced him to do it himself, 

 a few trials would have been sufficient to get the habit well 

 under way. 



Monkey No. i apparently enjoyed scratching himself. 

 Among the stimuli which served to set off this act of scratch- 

 ing was the irritation from tobacco smoke. If any one 

 would blow smoke in No. z's face, he would blink his eyes 

 and scratch himself, principally in the back. After a time 

 he got in the habit of coming to the front of his cage when 

 any one was smoking and making such movements and 

 sounds as in his experience had attracted attention and 



