1 86 Animal Intelligence 



in the behavior of the monkeys toward the mechanisms 

 used. And this fact nullifies the arguments for reasoning in 

 their case as it did in the case of the dogs and cats. The 

 argument that successful dealings with mechanical contriv- 

 ances imply that the animals reasoned out the properties 



240 QQ 



3in.LL 3inBeta 



67XX =* 



70TT = 

 54 LL 



G7ww = 

 No I 



Memory Curves 



FIG. 28. 



of the mechanisms, is destroyed when we find mere selection 

 from their general instinctive activities sufficient to cause 

 success with bars, hooks, loops, etc. There is also in the 

 case of the monkeys, as in that of the other mammals, posi- 

 tive evidence of the absence of any general function of reason- 

 ing. We shall find that at least very many simple acts were 

 not learned by the monkeys in spite of their having seen me 

 perform them again and again ; that the same holds true 

 of many simple acts which they saw other monkeys do, 

 or were put through by me. We shall find that after having 



