124 Animal Intelligence 



contains desire, sense-impression, impulse, act and possible 

 representations. Like it, the former is learned gradually. 

 Moreover, the associations concerned cannot be formed 

 by imitation. One does not know how to dive just by see- 

 ing another man dive. You cannot form them from being 

 put through them, though, of course, this helps indirectly, 

 in a way that it does not with animals. One makes use of 

 no feelings of a common element, no perceptions of simi- 

 larity. The tennis player does not feel, "This ball coming 

 at this angle and with this speed is similar in angle, though 

 not in speed, to that other ball of an hour ago, therefore I 

 will hit it in a similar way." He simply feels an impulse 

 from the sense-impression. Finally, the elements of the 

 associations are not isolated. No tennis player's stream of 

 thought is filled with free-floating representations of any 

 of the tens of thousands of sense-impressions or move- 

 ments he has seen and made on the tennis court. Yet there 

 is consciousness enough at the time, keen consciousness of 

 the sense-impressions, impulses, feelings of one's bodily acts. 

 So with the animals. There is consciousness enough, but 

 of this kind. 



Thus, the associations in human life, which compare with 

 the simple connections learned by animals, are associations 

 involving connections between novel, complex and often 

 inconstant sense-impressions and impulses to acts similarly 

 novel, complex and often inconstant. Man has the ele- 

 ments of most of his associations in isolated form, attended 

 to separately, possessed as a permanent fund, recallable at 

 will, and multifariously connected among themselves, but 



an approximate homologue of the process in animals. He feels discomfort, 

 certain impulses to flounder around, some of which are the right ones to 

 move his body to the shore. The pleasure which follows stamps in these, 

 and gradually the proper movements are made immediately on feeling the 

 sense-impression of surrounding water. 



