102 Animal Intelligence 



after escaping as many times as in the previous case, not go 

 into the box of her own accord. She has had exactly the 

 same opportunity of connecting the idea of being in the box 

 with the subsequent pleasure. Either a cat cannot connect 

 ideas, representations, at all, or she has not the power of 

 progressing from the thought of being in to the act of going 

 in. The only difference between the first cat and the sec- 

 ond cat is that the first cat, in the course of the experience, 

 has the impulse to crawl through that door, while the second 

 has not the impulse to crawl through the door or to drop 

 through that hole. So, though you put the second cat on 

 the box beside the hole, she doesn't try to get into the box 

 through it. The impulse is the sine qua non of the associa- 

 tion. The second cat has everything else, but cannot sup- 

 ply that. These phenomena were observed in six cats, three 

 of which were tried by the first method, three by the 

 second. Of the first three, one went in himself on the 26th 

 time and frequently thereafter, one on the i8th and the other 

 on the 37th ; the two last as well as the first did that fre- 

 quently in later trials. The other three all failed to go in 

 themselves after 50, 60 and 75 trials, respectively. 



The case of No. 7 was especially instructive, though not 

 among these six. No. 7 had had some trials in which it was 

 put in through the door, but ordinarily in this particular 

 experiment was dropped in. After about 80 trials it would 

 frequently exhibit the following phenomena : It would, 

 after eating the fish, go up to the doorway and, rushing 

 from it, search for fish. The kitten was very small and 

 would go up into the doorway, whirl round and dash out, 

 all in one quick movement. The best description of its 

 behavior is the paradoxical one that it went out without 

 going in. The association evidently concerned what it had 

 done, what it had an impulse for, namely, coming out through 



