Experimental Study of Associative Processes 81 



IMITATION IN CHICKS 



No. 64 learned to get out of a certain pen (16 X 10 inches) 

 by crawling under the wire screening at a certain spot. 

 There was also a chance to get out by walking up an inclined 

 plane and then jumping down. No. 66 was put in with 64. 

 After 9 minutes 20 seconds, 66 went out by the inclined 

 plane, although 64 had in the meantime crawled out under 

 the screen 9 times. (As soon as he got out and ate a little 



o c 



FIG. 19. 



B 



B 



FIG. 20. 



he was put back.) It was impossible to judge how many 

 of these times 66 really saw 64 do this. He was looking in 

 that direction 5 of the times. So also, in three more trials, 

 66 used the inclined plane, though 64 crawled under each 

 time. 67 was then tried. In 4 minutes 10 seconds, he 

 crawled under, 64 having done so twice. Being then put 

 in alone, he, without the chance to imitate, still crawled 

 under. So probably he went under when with 64 not by 

 imitation but by accident, just as 64 had learned the thing 

 himself. 



The accompanying figure (19) shows the apparatus used 

 in the next experiment. A represents the top of a box 

 (5X4 inches), 13 inches above the level of the floor C. 

 On the floor C were the chicks and food. B is the top of 

 a box 10 inches high. Around the edges of A except the 

 one next B a wire screen was placed, and 65 was repeatedly 



