The Mental Life of the Monkeys 237 



as far as seems to them likely. To me it seems fairly likely 

 that the very general mental traits which the research has 

 demonstrated hold true with little variation in the monkeys 

 in general. 



The monkeys represent progress in mental development 

 from the generalized mammalian type toward man : 



1 . In their sensory equipment, in the presence of focalized 

 vision. 



2. In their motor equipment, in the coordinated move- 

 ments of the hand and the eye. 



3. In their instincts or inherited nervous connections, in 

 their general physical and mental activity. 



4. In their method of learning or associative processes; 

 in 



a. Quicker formation of associations, 



b. Greater number of associations, 



c. Greater delicacy of associations, 



d. Greater complexity of associations, 



e. Greater permanence of associations. 



The fact of (i) is well known to comparative anatomists. 

 Its importance in mental development is perhaps not real- 

 ized, but appears constantly to a systematic student. 



(2) is what accounts for much of the specious appearance 

 of human ways of thinking in the monkeys and becomes in 

 its human extension the handy tool for much of our intel- 

 lectual life. It is in great measure the prerequisite of 4 c. 



(3) accounts for the rest of such specious appearances, is 

 at the basis of much of 4 6, presages the similar though 

 extended instincts of the human being, which I believe are 

 the leading efficient causes of human mental capacity, and 

 is thus the great mental bond which would justify the in- 

 clusion of monkeys and man in a common group if we were 

 to classify animals on the basis of mental characteristics. 



