ANIMAL INTELLIGENCE 



CHAPTER I 



THE STUDY OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE STUDY OF 



BEHAVIOR 



THE statements about human nature made by psycholo- 

 gists are of two sorts, - - statements about consciousness, 

 about the inner life of thought and feeling, the 'self as 

 conscious/ the ' stream of thought'; and statements about 

 behavior, about the life of man that is left unexplained 

 by physics, chemistry, anatomy and physiology, and is 

 roughly compassed for common sense by the ^terms ' in- 

 tellect ' and ' character.' 



Animal psychology shows the same double content. 

 Some statements concern the conscious states of the animal, 

 what he is to himself as an inner life ; others concern his 

 original and acquired ways of response, his behavior, what 

 he is to an outside observer. 



Of the psychological terms in common use, some refer 

 only to conscious states, and some refer to behavior regard- 

 less of the consciousness accompanying it; but the majority 

 are ambiguous, referring to the man or animal in question, 

 at times in his aspect of inner life, at times in his aspect of 

 reacting organism, and at times as an undefined total 

 nature. Thus 'intensity,' 'duration' and 'quality' of 

 sensations, 'transitive' and 'substantive' states and 'im- 

 agery' almost inevitably refer to states of conscious- 



B I 



