Experimental Study of Associative Processes 59 



O was like K, except that there was only one bar, that 

 the string ran inside the box, so that it was easily accessible, 

 and that the bolt raised in K by depression of the platform 

 could be raised in O (and was by the dog experimented on) 

 by sticking the muzzle out between two bars just above 

 the bolt and by biting the string, at the same time jerking 

 it upward. was 30 X 20 X 25 in size. 



The box G was used for both dogs and cats, without any 

 variation save that for dogs the resistance of the door to 

 pressure outwards was doubled. 



In these boxes were put in the course of the experiments 

 dog i (about 8 months old), and dogs 2 and 3, adults, all 

 of small size. 



A dog who, when hungry, is shut up in one of these boxes 

 is not nearly so vigorous in his struggles to get out as is the 

 young cat. And even after he has experienced the pleasure 

 of eating on escape many times he does not try to get out 

 so hard as a cat, young or old. He does try to a certain 

 extent. He paws or bites the bars or screening, and tries 

 to squeeze out in a tame sort of way. He gives up his 

 attempts sooner than the cat, if they prove unsuccessful. 

 Furthermore his attention is taken by the food, not the 

 confinement. He wants to get to the food, not out of the 

 box. So, unlike the cat, he confines his efforts to the front 

 of the box. It was also a practical necessity that the dogs 

 should be kept from howling in the evening, and for this 

 reason I could not use as motive the utter hunger which 

 the cats were made to suffer. In the morning, when the 

 experiments were made, the dogs were surely hungry, 

 and no experiment is recorded in which the dog was not 

 in a state to be willing to make a great effort for a bit of 

 meat, but the motive may not have been even and equal 

 throughout, as it was with the cats. 



