82 Animal Intelligence 



put upon A until he learned to go quickly back to C via B. 

 Then the screen was bent outward at X so that a chick 

 could barely squeeze through and down (A to C). Eleven 

 chicks were then one at a time placed on A with 65. In 

 every case but one they went A-C. In the case of the chick 

 (75) who went A-B-C, there could have been no imitation, 

 for he went down before 65 did. One other went through 

 the hole before 65 went to B. The remaining nine all had 

 a chance to imitate 65 and to save the uncomfortable 

 struggle to get through the hole, 65 going A-B-C 8 times 

 before 68 went A-C, 2 times when with 66 and 76, once in 

 the case of each of the others. 



In still another experiment the apparatus was (as shown in 

 Fig. 20) a pen 14 inches square, 10 inches high, with a wire 

 screen in front and a hole 3 J inches square in the back. 

 This hole opened into a passageway (B) leading around to C, 

 where were the other chicks and food. Chicks who had 

 failed, when put in alone, to find the way out, were put in 

 with other chicks who had learned the way, to see if by 

 seeing them go out they would learn the way. Chick 70 

 was given 4 trials alone, being left in the box 76 minutes all 

 told. He was then given 9 trials (165 minutes) with another 

 chick who went out ma B 36 times. 70 failed to follow him 

 on any occasion. The trials were all given in the course 

 of two days. Chick 73 failed in i trial (12 minutes) to get 

 out of himself, and was then given 4 trials (94 minutes) 

 with another chick who went out ma B 33 times. In this 

 experiment, as in all others reported, sure evidence that the 

 animals wanted to get out, was afforded by their persistent 

 peckings and jumpings at the screen or bars that stood 

 between them and C. Chick 72, after 8 unsuccessful trials 

 alone (41 minutes), was given 8 trials with a chance to 

 imitate. After the other chick had gone out 44 times, 72 



