CONTENTS 



PAOK 



THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF BIRDS ... 1 



THE FOOT . . 1 



BEAK 4 



FKATHERS ........... 



PTERYLOSIS ...... .... 14 



ALIMENTARY CANAL ......... 19 



Tongue . 19 



Teeth . . 20 



(Esophagus ..... .21 



Stomach ........ 



Intestine ........ 



Caeca 30 



Liver ......... .31 



Gall Bladder ... 33 



Pancreas ........ 



Cloaca ....... . . 84 



Bjirsa Fabricii .... 3. r > 



REPRODUCTION AND RENAL ORGANS 36 



THE CCELOM . . . 37 



'CIRCULATORY SYSTEM .... 48 



Heart ... .48 



Arterial System ......... 52 



Venous System ......... 55 



RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 58 



Trachea . . ... .58 



Syrinx 60 



Lungs and Air Sacs . . . . . . . 7 1 



MUSCULAR ANATOMY 7~> 



Muscles of the Fore Limb ....... 78 



Muscles of the Hind Limb . . . . . 90 



Muscles of the Neck and Trunk 103 



Caudal Muscles ......... 107 



Abdominal Muscles 108 



Hyoiclean Muscles . . . . . . . . . 108 



Muscles of the Head .... ... 110 



OSTE()L(><;\ . 11] 



J> 



