340 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF BIRDS 



a trace of the double one of other birds. The haemapophyses 

 of Dl, D2 are the longest, and the former is slightly trifid ; 

 this trifidity is very marked^m the case of the two last cervicals. 

 The atlas is notched. 



In Parra, as in the typical Limicolse, the atlas is perforated 

 by the odontoid process. On the eleventh vertebra only do 

 the two processes, which form an incompletely closed canal 

 for the carotids, approach each other markedly in the middle 

 line. The first dorsal vertebra has the largest haemapophysis, 

 which is flattened slightly distally. 



(Edicnemus, with a notched atlas, has paired ventral out- 

 growths for the carotid, closely approximated only on CIO. 

 The three following have median blade-like hsemapophyses. 

 On the fourteenth to sixteenth there are lateral outgrowths 

 of these. The first dorsal has the last and the strongest 

 hfemapophysis. 



In Attagis the atlas is perforated ; the hsemapophyses 

 are very feeble. 



In Limosa and in other genera the clavicle is attached 

 by ligaments to the acrocoracoid, procoracoid (which is mode- 

 rately developed and curved upwards) , and scapula. The two 

 coracoids are not in contact at articulation with sternum ; 

 the latter is two-notched and has the spina externa only ; six 

 ribs reach it. The same statements may be made about 

 H&matopus and Nuiiit'iii-us, Eudromias (all examined by 

 myself), as well as other genera. 



The pelvis of Numenius may serve as a type for that of 

 the Limicolse. 



The preacetabular portion of the ilium is about equal 

 in length to the postacetabular portion of that bone; the 

 two bones are excavated horizontally, and are just prevented 

 from coming into contact by the fused neural spines of the 

 vertebrae. The pubes are stroiigish bones and not fused with 

 the ischia. The ischia end in long thin processes which 

 extend back beyond the ilia and nearly as far as the ends of 

 the pubes. Hamatopus and Limosa are much the same. 

 Chionis hardly differs. In Parra the pelvis has rather more 

 the look of that of a rail. The pelvis of Attagis is wider 



