SALIVARY GLANDS. 26 1 



their innervation from sympathetic neurones. The cell-bodies of 

 those supplying the sublingual glands are grouped in a number of 

 small, sympathetic ganglia situated in a small triangle formed by the 

 lingual nerve, the chorda tympani and Wharton's duct, the chorda- 

 lingual triangle. These ganglia may be known as the sublingual 

 ganglia (Langley). The cell-bodies of the sympathetic neurones 

 supplying the secretory cells of the submaxillary glands are grouped 

 in small ganglia situated on Wharton's duct just before it enters the 

 gland, in the hilum of the gland, and on the interlobar and inter- 

 lobular ducts ; they may be spoken of collectively as the submax- 

 illary ganglia. In the glands under discussion, the neuraxes of the 

 sympathetic neurones are grouped to form small bundles, which 

 divide repeatedly, the resulting divisions joining to form plexuses 

 situated in the outer portion of the walls of the ducts, and as such 

 may be followed along the ducts, the bundles of nerve-fibers be- 

 coming smaller and the division of the bundles of fibers and the 

 individual fibers occurring oftener as the smaller divisions of the 

 system of ducts are reached. On reaching the acini, the terminal 

 branches of the nerve-fibers form a plexus outside of the basement 

 membrane, epilainellar plexiis ; from this branches are given off 

 which penetrate the basement membrane, some forming zhypolam- 

 ellar plexus, others ending on the gland-cells in small granules or 

 clusters of granules (Arnstein). Throughout their entire course the 

 neuraxes of the sympathetic neurones are varicose, nonmedullated 

 nerve-fibers. The nerve-fibers of the chorda tympani end in ter- 

 minal end-baskets, inclosing the cell-bodies of the sympathetic 

 neurones found in the sublingual and submaxillary ganglia, and not 

 in the glands, as generally stated by writers. The increase of secre- 

 tion from the submaxillary and sublingual glands on direct or indi- 

 rect stimulation of the chorda tympani is due, therefore, not to a 

 direct stimulation of the gland-cells by the fibers of this nerve, but 

 to a stimulation of the sympathetic neurones of the sublingual and 

 submaxillary ganglia, the neuraxes of which convey the impulse to 

 the gland-cells. These glands have a further nerve supply from the 

 superior cervical ganglia of the cervical sympathetic. The neuraxes 

 of sympathetic neurones, the cell-bodies of which are situated in the 

 superior cervical ganglia, accompany the blood-vessels to the sub- 

 lingual and submaxillary glands ; their mode of termination is, 

 however, not as yet determined. The cell-bodies of the sympathetic 

 neurones here in question are surrounded by end-baskets of nerves 

 which leave the spinal cord through the second, third, and fourth 

 dorsal spinal roots. The blood-vessels of the salivary glands are 

 also richly supplied with vasomotor nerves, the neuraxes of sympa- 

 thetic neurones, which terminate on the muscle-cells of their walls. 

 The nerve supply of the parotid glands is, in the main, like that of 

 the other salivary glands here described, although it has not been 

 worked out with the same detail. The cell-bodies of the sympathetic 

 neurones, the neuraxes of which innervate the gland-cells, are, it 



