MALE ACCESSORY REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 255 



found that in the dog these fibres are contained only in the 

 anterior roots of the 1st and 2nd sacral nerves. 



The corresponding parts in the female are similarly in- 

 nervated. Thus, Langley l has described stimulation of the 

 sacral nerves in the vertebral canal of the rabbit as producing 

 dilatation and flushing of the vulva. These effects were most 

 marked on exciting the 3rd and 4th sacral nerves. The stimu- 

 lation of the 1st and 2nd sacral nerves, on the other hand, 

 generally produced contraction and pallor. Langley obtained 

 similar results in experiments on the male rabbit, the stimulation 

 of the sacral nerves causing either protrusion and flushing of the 

 penis, or else retraction and pallor. 



Nikolski 2 had previously stated that, on stimulating the 

 anterior ramus of the nervus erigens (or the ramus from the 

 1st sacral) in the dog, he obtained a vaso-constrictor instead 

 of a vaso-dilator effect, thus differing from Eckhard and other 

 investigators. 



Sherrington 3 found that in the male monkey excitation of 

 the 2nd and 3rd sacral nerves produced moderate erection, and 

 that of the 1st sacral only slight erection. In the female monkey 

 the effects of stimulating the 3rd sacral were usually greater 

 than in the case of the 2nd, while the 1st sacral produced no 

 certain effects. Similar results were observed in experimenting 

 on the cat, but in this animal stimulation of the 1st sacral nerve 

 appears to have had a more marked effect. 



Fran9ois-Franck 4 found that the anterior ramus from the 

 1st sacral, was capable of causing both vaso-constriction and 

 vaso-dilatation. This investigator noticed further that both 

 effects could be produced by stimulating the hypogastric nerves, 

 but that the vaso-dilator action was more pronounced. 



Budge 5 also described erector action from the hypogastrics 

 in the rabbit. Langley and Anderson, 8 however, were unable 



1 Langley, 'The Innervation of the Pelvic Viscera," Proc. Phys. Soc., 

 Jour, of Phys., vol. xii., 1891. 



2 Nikolski, loc. cit. 



3 Sherrington. "Notes on the Arrangement of some Motor Fibres in the 

 Lumbo-Sacral Plexus," Jour, of Phys., vol. xiii. 1892. 



* Fran<;ois-Franck, loc. cit. 5 Budge, loc. cit. 



6 Langley and Anderson, "The Innervation of the Pelvic and Adjoining 

 Viscera," Jour, of Phya., vol. xix., 1895. 



