THE VISCERAL AND GUSTATORY APPARATUS 



245 



courses of the nerve-fibers from the taste-buds of the tongue 

 through the VII and IX nerves, and in broken and dotted lines 

 some of the other courses which have been suggested. 



In fishes the gustatory system is much more extensively developed than 

 in mammals, especially the vagal part which supplies taste-buds in the gill 

 region. In some species of fishes, moreover, taste-buds appear in great 

 numbers in the outer skin, and these are in all cases innervated from the VII 



fac. rt: 



Fig. 115. Diagram showing some of the various courses which have been 

 advocated for the taste fibers in man. The courses advocated in this 

 work are shown by heavy black lines; other suggested courses are indicated 

 by broken or dotted lines: fac. rt., motor facial root ; G.G., Gasserian gang- 

 lion; G.g., geniculate ganglion; G. otic, otic ganglion; G. petr., ganglion 

 petrosum; G. sp., sphenopalatine ganglion ; g. s. p., great superficial petrosal 

 nerve; N. fac., facial trunk; N. Jac., Jacobson's or the tympanic nerve; 

 N. vid., vidian nerve; Rami anast., anastomotic rami between the geniculate 

 ganglion and tympanic plexus and the small and great superficial petrosal 

 nerves respectively; s. s. p., small superficial petrosal nerve; Tymp., tym- 

 panum. (After Gushing.) 



cranial nerve. In the common horned-pouts or catfishes and in the carps 

 and suckers these cutaneous taste-buds are distributed over practically the 

 entire body surface, and especially on the barblets. The distribution of 

 these cutaneous gustatory branches of the facial nerve in the common bull- 

 pout, Ameiurus, is shown in Fig. 116. These sense-organs and their nerves 

 are entirely independent of those of the lateral line sensory system and of the 

 ordinary tactile system, though the gustatory and the tactile systems have 

 been shown experimentally to cooperate in the selection of food. The 

 primary terminal nuclei of these gustatory nerves make up by far the larger 



