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INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLOGY 



part of the visceral area (Fig. 43, p. Ill) of fish brains, and hi some species 

 these centers are enormously enlarged, as in the carp (Fig. 136 (2), p. 303). 



The primary sensory center for the nerves of taste in the 

 nucleus of the fasciculus solitarius is very intimately connected 

 with all of the motor centers of the medulla oblongata for the 

 reactions of mastication and swallowing, and also with the motor 

 centers of the spinal cord. The ascending path from the prim- 

 ary gustatory nucleus to the thalamus and cerebral cortex is 

 wholly unknown in the human body. A gustatory center is 



Fig. 116. The cutaneous gustatory branches arising from the geniculate 

 ganglion of the facial nerve of the catfish (Ameiurus melas), projected upon 

 the right side of the body. Spinal cord and brain stippled. The geniculate 

 ganglion, its roots and cutaneous branches are drawn in black; the branches 

 of this nerve distributed to the mucous lining of the mouth cavity are 

 omitted. Taste-buds are found in all parts of the outer skin to which these 

 branches are distributed. 



believed to exist in the cortex of the gyrus hippocampi near the 

 anterior end of the temporal lobe. In fishes, where this ascend- 

 ing gustatory path is much larger, it has been followed to the 

 roof of the midbrain and, after a synapse here, to the region of 

 the hypothalamus. 



Visceral Efferent Centers. The arrangement of the visceral 

 efferent nuclei and nerve-roots of the medulla oblongata is shown 

 in Fig. 114. There is also a general visceral efferent component 

 of the III cranial nerve (Fig. 71, p. 154, nuc. III. E-W.), whose 

 fibers pass out through this nerve to the ciliary ganglion in the 

 orbit, which in turn connects with the intrinsic muscles of the 



