44 THE RISE OF MAN, 



not an isolated individual, but', the representative of a race 

 that must have inhabited the caves of Europe at the time 

 when mankind had just risen into existence. The skulls 

 of Egisheim, of Brux, and of Cannstatt, all characterized 

 by an approach to the ape type, and two skeletons dis- 

 covered by Messrs. Fraipont and Lhoest in 1897 near Spy, 

 Belgium, belong also to a race that was not very distant 

 from the Neanderthal man. The cave in which the latter 



FRONT VIEW OF THE SUPRAORBITAL REGION. 1 1775 



After Schwalbe. 



were found contains in the drift, flint implements of the 

 crudest kind, and bones of the rhinoceros, the cave bear, 

 the cave hyena, and other remnants of the earliest stone 

 age. 2 



Renewed investigations of the Neanderthal skull 

 have justified the theory that it belongs to a primitive 

 man. These new discoveries in connection with the re- 

 newed and careful investigations of the skull have dis- 



1 The fracture in the right temporal region is plainly visible and is obviously 

 due to a vigorous blow which, however, may have been made at the disinterment. 



A groove is visible over the extreme part of the right eye, slanting over the 

 supraorbital ridge, and ending in an incision. These marks have been the object 

 of much discussion. The incision appears to be the passage for the supraorbital 

 nerve, for it has its analogon, although in a much weaker form, on the right side ; 

 but the depression appears on one side only, and thus it is possible that it is the 

 result of an injury received and cicatrized during life. Some of the little holes can 

 be definitely identified as passages for blood-vessels, and none of them seem to be 

 caused by disease. 



2 Prof. G. Schwalbe of the University of Strassburg in Alsace has devoted an 

 especial monograph to the subject, which he has published in the Banner Jahr- 

 bucher, No. :o6, pp. 1-72, under the title " Der Neanderthalschadel." The article 

 has also appeared in a special reprint. 



