52 THE RISE OF MAN." 



regard its vertical depression, the enormous thickness of its super- 

 ciliary ridges, its sloping occiput, or its long and straight squamosal 

 suture, we meet with apelike characters, stamping it as the most 

 pithecoid cf human crania yet discovered .... And indeed, though 

 truly the most pithecoid of human skulls, the Neanderthal cranium 

 is by no means so isolated as it appears to be at first, but forms, in 

 reality, the extreme term of a series leading gradually from it to the 

 highest and best developed of human crania." 



Finally we quote the statement of a distinguished an- 

 thropologist still living, Prof. Paul Topinard, who in his 

 Anthropology makes the following statement : 



"Human palaeontology commences with the Post-pliocene or 

 Mammoth epoch. Examples of it are few in number, and not read- 

 ily capable of classification. De Quatrefage and Hamy, however, 

 have not flinched from this difficult task. By joining together 



THE JAWBONE OF NAULETTE COMPARED WITH THAT OF A CHIMPANZEE. 



fragments of male skulls from Cannstatt, Eguisheim, Brux, Denise, 

 and the Neanderthal, and female skulls from Stroengences, L'Olmo, 

 and Clichy, they succeeded in discovering in them certain common 

 characters; that is to say, dolichocephaly, a remarkable sinking of 

 the vault of the skull, or platycephaly, a great recession of the 

 frontal bone, and a very marked development of the superciliary 

 arches. Of all the specimens, the most remarkable are the calva- 

 rium of the Neanderthal and the jaw of La Naulette. Any one 

 accustomed to handle the skulls of the anthropoid apes will be 

 immediately struck with the great resemblance between them. The 

 Neanderthal especially reminds one of the calvarium of the female 

 gorilla, which is similarly staved in, as it were, or of the skull of a 

 hylobate. The superciliary arches are altogether simian, although 

 the skull is clearly human. Its capacity, estimated at 1200 cubic 

 centimetres, dissipates all doubt on the subject." 



