CIVILIZATION AND THE RACE. 73 



Ceylon, the Nigritoes of the South Sea Islands, the Bush- 

 men, the Hottentots, the Negroes of darkest Africa, and 

 of the Soudan. In the meantime the advance of the race 

 continued in the north. 



We must regard the Neanderthal man as a typical 

 specimen of the ape-man, while the skeletons of Spy in- 

 dicate already an advance. One skull of Spy possesses 

 very little more brain capacity than the Neanderthal man, 

 while the other indicates a considerable increase, as can 

 be seen in the diagram of Fraipont and Lohest. 



OUTLINES OF THE SKULLS OF THE NEANDERTHAL MAN AND OF THE TWO 



SKELETONS OF SPY. 3479 



From Fraipont and Lohest. 

 The dotted lines represent the calvaria of the Spy skulls. 



Further progress is rapid. We find the Cro-Magnon 

 type succeeded by the Mediterranean race, and different 

 types bred in different parts under different conditions pro- 

 duced longheads and broad heads whose intermixture again 

 constituted a favorable factor in the production of the most 

 intelligent specimens of mankind, who at last were suffi- 

 ciently well equipped in brain capacity to be fit material 

 for the production of civilized man. 



Man's growth of brain power during the ice age was 

 rapid if compared to previous periods in the history of 



