THE TRIUMPH OF THE BEST. 79 



but we must not forget that the fury with which he takes 

 up the combat is prompted by the love of his wife and 

 child, or of his whole tribe, and the rise of mankind would 

 not have taken place without a growth of the more refined 

 sentiments of sympathy, kindness, and love. Professor 

 Huxley undervalues the use of morality in the struggle 

 for existence. Man survived not because of his toughness, 

 or his shrewdness, but because of his moral qualities. 

 The antediluvial fox was perhaps shrewder, and the lion 

 or bear tougher, than the prehistoric savage or man-ape ; 

 but they were lacking in the social attachment which 

 binds single individuals together with the ties of love, of 

 family, and of friendship. Moral feelings, or rather the 

 capacity and conditions of the growth of moral feelings, 

 the tendency to reveal moral qualities, is not absent in the 

 higher animals, especially mammals, and among mam- 

 mals the several species of apes.* Attachment to others 

 of their own kind makes animals gregarious and primitive 

 man sociable. A social animal develops more morality 

 than solitary beings, and the shrewdness of a social being 

 becomes intelligence. 



Intelligence is more powerful as a weapon in the 

 struggle for existence than shrewdness, because it does 

 not lack in morality ; it is more in unison with the cosmic 

 order. Human speech is the product of intelligence and 

 not of shrewdness. Man was able to develop speech only 

 because he was moral enough to be social, and this moral- 

 ity elevated man above the rest of the animal world. 

 Among savage tribes the most intelligent and not the 

 shrewdest survived. 



It is an undeniable fact that in any given district the 

 tribes who were lacking in morality, even when the very 

 shrewdest and toughest, had to go to the wall, while in 

 the end the more moral remained victorious. 



* Witness for instance the affection of the monkey mother for her sick child in 

 Landseer's famous painting. 



