TABLE OF CONTENTS. 11 



CHAPTER VII. THK DECLINE OF THE HERD Continued. Page. 

 The evidence of decline Continued. 



The quota of 1897 harder to get 114 



The quota a direct measure of lirceding herd 114 



The quota of 1897 and the Paris regulations 114 



The total decline in the herd 114 



CHAPTER VIII. THE CAUSE OF THE DECLINE: 



Joint agreement of 1892 115 



No competent natural cause 115 



Natural causes of mortality constant 115 



The real cause an artiticial one 116 



Land and sea killing 116 



A. Land killing its methods 116 



Animals killed 116 



Killing season _ 116 



The driving 116 



The drive 117 



The killing 118 



The Aleuts 118 



The skinning of the seals 119 



Division of labor 119 



Treatment of the skins 119 



The effects of land killing 1 19 



Removal of superfluous male life beneficial 120 



Possibility of overkilling 120 



A hypothetical case 120 



Such killing not practicable 121 



Otter Island not driven ...., 121 



Defective skins 121 



Overkilling of males has not occurred 121 



Statistics of the quota 122 



Land killing, 1870-97 122 



Voluntary reduction of quota, 1876-77 122 



Voluntary reduction, 1882-83 122 



No dearth of male life 122 



Killing of males not a factor in decline 123 



Premature killing 123 



Anticipation of quota 123 



Table showing date of filling quota, etc 123 



The killing of undersized seals 124 



Such killing did not affect the herd 124 



Premature killing wasteful but not injurious 124 



Killing of pups wasteful 124 



Absence of injury to the herd 125 



Methods on the Commander Islands 125 



Dr. Stejneger's observations 125 



The dearth of male life on Bering Island 125 



CHAPTER IX. THE THEORY OF OVERDRIVIXC: 



Driving and its supposed results 12(5 



The process of driving 126 



The animal driven 127 



The theory intangible 127 



Its logical conclusion 127 



The drives and driveways .. 128 



