520 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NEW JERSEY. 



winter about barns, in which they, not improbably, take refuge 

 during the severer weather. The ' flicker ' has also been known 

 to do this." 



CEOPHLCBUS, Cab. 



(Hylotomus, Bd.) 



C. pileatus, L. Black Woodcock. Pileatecl Woodpecker. Black Log- 

 cock. 



Black, with white streak down neck ; males with crest and 

 cheek patch scarlet ; and general color may vary from black to 

 slaty. Females with the head without scarlet, but color brown- 

 ish gray. Length, 18 inches; tail, 7 inches. 



" Stragglers occasionally seen ; occasionally in the dark swamps 

 of Cape May county ; but more frequently in the mountainous 

 portion of the State. This is one of a number of birds formerly 

 very abundant, but now nearly extinct, being driven off by the 

 destruction of the heavy timber, in which they lived." 



MELANBRPES, Swains. 



M. erythrocephalue, L. Ked-headed Woodpecker. 



Head, neck and chest a rich crimson, with a black collar sep- 

 arating the white of breast from the crimson above ; the back 

 glossy blue black ; lower back, rump, &c., pure white ; the inner 

 secondaries spotted with black in the female. In young, the 

 upper and forward parts brownish gray ; the back dull grayish, 

 barred with dusky gray ; the secondaries crossed by black bands. 

 Length, 9J inches; tail, 3J inches. 



" Formerly a very abundant species, but now quite scarce. 

 Have found two or three pairs breeding about Stony Brook, near 

 Princeton, Mercer county. Partially migratory, probably two- 

 fifths of their numbers remaining in the State during winter. 

 Occasionally hollows out a nest in sound timber not otherwise 

 objectionable. More abundant in the northern than southern 

 and central portions of the State. Like the 'yellow-bellied 

 woodpecker,' the ' red-head ' has been found in hay-mows during 

 severe winter weather, and noticed gathering up hibernating 

 insects from beneath the weather-boards. Is more beneficial than 

 the smaller species." [C. C. A.] 



